{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:37Z","timestamp":1787067997953,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of high quality facemasks is indispensable in the light of the current COVID pandemic. This study proposes a fully automatic technique to design a face specific mask. Through the use of stereophotogrammetry, computer-assisted design and three-dimensional (3D) printing, we describe a protocol for manufacturing facemasks perfectly adapted to the individual face characteristics. The face specific mask was compared to a universal design of facemask and different filter container\u2019s designs were merged with the mask body. Subjective assessment of the face specific mask demonstrated tight closure at the nose, mouth and chin area, and permits the normal wearing of glasses. A screw-drive locking system is advised for easy assembly of the filter components. Automation of the process enables high volume production but still allows sufficient designer interaction to answer specific requirements. The suggested protocol can be used to provide more comfortable, effective and sustainable solution compared to a single use, standardized mask. Subsequent research on printing materials, sterilization technique and compliance with international regulations will facilitate the introduction of the face specific mask in clinical practice as well as for general use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T14:27:51Z","timestamp":1607005671000},"page":"e0243388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A novel fully automatic design approach of a 3D printed face specific mask: Proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-3791","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eman","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Willaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Miclotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Coropciuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-4665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michel","family":"Bila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinus","family":"Politis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0243388.ref001","first-page":"1175","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients","volume":"382","author":"L Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"February","key":"pone.0243388.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30313-5","article-title":"2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored","volume":"395","author":"C Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0243388.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice","volume":"12","author":"X Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"pone.0243388.ref004","article-title":"Approaches to the management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 pandemic","author":"M Zimmermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"pone.0243388.ref005","first-page":"57","article-title":"Comprehensive review of mask utility and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"28","author":"R Tirupathi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Le Infez Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0243388.ref006","article-title":"An international consensus on device \u2011 related pressure ulcers","volume":"29","author":"C Milne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0243388.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2014.908260","article-title":"A novel method for designing and fabricating low-cost facepiece prototypes","volume":"11","author":"PS Joe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243388.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-192913","article-title":"Application of 3D scanning and 3D printing for designing and fabricating customized half-mask facepieces: A pilot study","volume":"63","author":"K Makowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243388.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2020.50.1.15","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of 2-dimensional photography versus 3-dimensional soft tissue imaging","volume":"50","author":"I Ayaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"pone.0243388.ref010","unstructured":"COVID-19 Mask [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/cults3d.com\/en\/3d-model\/various\/covid-19-mask-infoarquitecturaimpresa"},{"issue":"Suppl-1","key":"pone.0243388.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010072","article-title":"Evaluation of dimensional changes of 3D printed models after sterilization: A pilot study","volume":"12","author":"E Shaheen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"pone.0243388.ref012","unstructured":"COVID-19 MASK (EASY-TO-PRINT, NO SUPPORT, FILTER REQUIRED) [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/cults3d.com\/en\/3d-model\/tool\/covid-19-mask-easy-to-print-no-support-filter-required"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243388.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-016-1453-9","article-title":"Computer-aided cephalometric landmark annotation for CBCT data","volume":"12","author":"M Codari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243388.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq190","article-title":"Repeatability and reproducibility of landmarks\u2014A three-dimensional computed tomography study","volume":"34","author":"I Titiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"pone.0243388.ref015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Custom-made 3D-printed face masks in case of pandemic crisis situations with a lack of commercially available FFP2\/3 masks","author":"GRJ Swennen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"pone.0243388.ref016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography\u2013derived casts: A comparative study","author":"S Shujaat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T14:28:20Z","timestamp":1607005700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243388"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Huettig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243388","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]}}}