{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:11:56Z","timestamp":1790737916763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We study a novel multi-strain SIR epidemic model with selective immunity by vaccination. A newer strain is made to emerge in the population when a preexisting strain has reached equilbrium. We assume that this newer strain does not exhibit cross-immunity with the original strain, hence those who are vaccinated and recovered from the original strain become susceptible to the newer strain. Recent events involving the COVID-19 virus shows that it is possible for a viral strain to emerge from a population at a time when the influenza virus, a well-known virus with a vaccine readily available, is active in a population. We solved for four different equilibrium points and investigated the conditions for existence and local stability. The reproduction number was also determined for the epidemiological model and found to be consistent with the local stability condition for the disease-free equilibrium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T18:15:30Z","timestamp":1607537730000},"page":"e0243408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The local stability of a modified multi-strain SIR model for emerging viral strains"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-8090","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel","family":"Fudolig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reka","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0243408.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.04.018","article-title":"Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review","volume":"112","author":"O Yaqub","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social science & medicine"},{"issue":"45","key":"pone.0243408.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.09.046","article-title":"A systematic review of factors affecting vaccine uptake in young children","volume":"35","author":"LE Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"34","key":"pone.0243408.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.035","article-title":"Review of vaccine hesitancy: Rationale, remit and methods","volume":"33","author":"M Schuster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6529a2","article-title":"Mumps outbreak at a university and recommendation for a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine\u2014Illinois, 2015\u20132016","volume":"65","author":"JP Albertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0243408.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706589","article-title":"Recent resurgence of mumps in the United States","volume":"358","author":"GH Dayan","year":"2008","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref006","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mumps Cases and Outbreaks; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mumps\/outbreaks.html."},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref007","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Measles Cases and Outbreaks; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/measles\/cases-outbreaks.html."},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0243408.ref008","first-page":"362","article-title":"Measles\u2014California, January 1\u2013April 18, 2014","volume":"63","author":"J Zipprich","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"issue":"36","key":"pone.0243408.ref009","first-page":"800","article-title":"Measles in a Micronesian Community\u2014King County, Washington, 2014","volume":"63","author":"K Wendorf","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How the Flu Virus Can Change: \u201cDrift\u201d and \u201cShift\u201d; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/viruses\/change.htm."},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.011","article-title":"Vaccination and antigenic drift in influenza","volume":"26","author":"MF Boni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"39-40","key":"pone.0243408.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.07.027","article-title":"Influenza vaccine: the challenge of antigenic drift","volume":"25","author":"F Carrat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243408.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2053","article-title":"The evolution of epidemic influenza","volume":"8","author":"MI Nelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature reviews genetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0243408.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030300","article-title":"Whole-genome analysis of human influenza A virus reveals multiple persistent lineages and reassortment among recent H3N2 viruses","volume":"3","author":"EC Holmes","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS biology"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attanayake A, Jayasinghe S, et al. Phenomenological Modelling of COVID-19 epidemics in Sri Lanka, Italy and Hebei Province of China. medRxiv. 2020;.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.04.20091132"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref016","article-title":"Using phenomenological models to characterize transmissibility and forecast patterns and final burden of Zika epidemics","volume":"8","author":"G Chowell","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS currents"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2016.11.002","article-title":"Using phenomenological models for forecasting the 2015 Ebola challenge","volume":"22","author":"B Pell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"pone.0243408.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00109-8","article-title":"A tutorial introduction to Bayesian inference for stochastic epidemic models using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods","volume":"180","author":"PD O\u2019Neill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mathematical biosciences"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2016.11.005","article-title":"Modelling and Bayesian analysis of the Abakaliki smallpox data","volume":"19","author":"JE Stockdale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0243408.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002135","article-title":"Statistical inference for multi-pathogen systems","volume":"7","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0243408.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2010.09.063","article-title":"The analysis of an epidemic model on networks","volume":"217","author":"Jp Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.05.029","article-title":"An individual-based approach to SIR epidemics in contact networks","volume":"283","author":"M Youssef","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of theoretical biology"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.01.045","article-title":"An epidemic spreading model on adaptive scale-free networks with feedback mechanism","volume":"450","author":"T Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898719147","volume-title":"Mathematical Models in Biology","author":"L Edelstein-Keshet","year":"2005"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref025","volume-title":"Introduction to mathematical biology","author":"LJ Allen","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref026","volume-title":"Compartmental analysis in biology and medicine","author":"JA Jacquez","year":"1996"},{"issue":"772","key":"pone.0243408.ref027","first-page":"700","article-title":"A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics","volume":"115","author":"WO Kermack","year":"1927","journal-title":"Proceedings of the royal society of london Series A, Containing papers of a mathematical and physical character"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvcm4gk0","volume-title":"Modeling infectious diseases in humans and animals","author":"MJ Keeling","year":"2011"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref029","unstructured":"Dusheck J. Viral infections leave a signature on human immune system; 2015. Available from: https:\/\/med.stanford.edu\/news\/all-news\/2015\/12\/viral-infections-leave-a-signature-on-human-immune-system.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref030","first-page":"e02284","article-title":"Evaluation of preexisting anti-hemagglutinin stalk antibody as a correlate of protection in a healthy volunteer challenge with influenza A\/H1N1pdm virus","volume":"9","author":"JK Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-7-30","article-title":"Modeling influenza epidemics and pandemics: insights into the future of swine flu (H1N1)","volume":"7","author":"BJ Coburn","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2006.08.001","article-title":"Avian\u2013human influenza epidemic model","volume":"207","author":"S Iwami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mathematical biosciences"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.11.003","article-title":"A modeling study of human infections with avian influenza A H7N9 virus in mainland China","volume":"41","author":"Z Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0243408.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2005.12.029","article-title":"The SIRC model and influenza A","volume":"200","author":"R Casagrandi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mathematical biosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0243408.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1086\/515246","article-title":"Emergence of drug resistance during an influenza epidemic: insights from a mathematical model","volume":"177","author":"NI Stilianakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1548","key":"pone.0243408.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0065","article-title":"Methods of modelling viral disease dynamics across the within-and between-host scales: the impact of virus dose on host population immunity","volume":"365","author":"SH Steinmeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"pone.0243408.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00108-6","article-title":"Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission","volume":"180","author":"P Van den Driessche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mathematical biosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0243408.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178324","article-title":"On the definition and the computation of the basic reproduction ratio R0 in models for infectious diseases in heterogeneous populations","volume":"28","author":"O Diekmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of mathematical biology"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0243408.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8420","article-title":"Modeling Epidemics With Compartmental Models","volume":"323","author":"J Tolles","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.30707\/LiB5.1Blackwood","article-title":"An introduction to compartmental modeling for the budding infectious disease modeler","volume":"5","author":"JC Blackwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Letters in Biomathematics"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0243408.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12402","article-title":"A Review of Multi-Compartment Infectious Disease Models","volume":"88","author":"L Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Statistical Review"},{"issue":"84","key":"pone.0243408.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20130298","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0298","article-title":"Modelling seasonal influenza: the role of weather and punctuated antigenic drift","volume":"10","author":"R Yaari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0243408.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2196","article-title":"Modelling antigenic drift in weekly flu incidence","volume":"24","author":"B Finkenst\u00e4dt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Statistics in medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-87","article-title":"An agent-based model to study the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses","volume":"12","author":"B Roche","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC bioinformatics"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0243408.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000300","article-title":"Modelling seasonality and viral mutation to predict the course of an influenza pandemic","volume":"138","author":"P Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref046","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stability analysis of SIR model with vaccination","volume":"4","author":"S Chauhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0243408.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aml.2004.05.012","article-title":"On pulse vaccination strategy in the SIR epidemic model with vertical transmission","volume":"18","author":"A d\u2019Onofrio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00095-0","article-title":"Stability properties of pulse vaccination strategy in SEIR epidemic model","volume":"179","author":"A d\u2019Onofrio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mathematical biosciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0243408.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8240(98)90005-2","article-title":"Pulse vaccination strategy in the SIR epidemic model","volume":"60","author":"B Shulgin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bulletin of mathematical biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0243408.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800003605","article-title":"Predictions of the emergence of vaccine-resistant hepatitis B in The Gambia using a mathematical model","volume":"124","author":"J Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology & Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0243408.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020523","article-title":"Real-Time Estimation of the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection: Inference Using Exported Cases","volume":"9","author":"Sm Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref052","article-title":"Novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): Emergence and implications for emergency care","author":"J Yee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref053","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/."},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Chen Z, Wu X, Tian Z, Cheng L, Ye L. The Outbreak Evaluation of COVID-19 in Wuhan District of China. arXiv preprint arXiv:200209640. 2020;.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9010061"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref055","article-title":"Effectiveness of control strategies for Coronavirus Disease 2019: a SEIR dynamic modeling study","author":"J Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maier BF, Brockmann D. Effective containment explains sub-exponential growth in confirmed cases of recent COVID-19 outbreak in Mainland China. arXiv preprint arXiv:200207572. 2020;.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.18.20024414"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref057","first-page":"1","article-title":"SEIR modeling of the COVID-19 and its dynamics","author":"S He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dynamics"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez L, Rodo X. A modified SEIR model to predict the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain and Italy: simulating control scenarios and multi-scale epidemics. Available at SSRN 3576802. 2020;.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.27.20045005"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey G, Chaudhary P, Gupta R, Pal S. SEIR and Regression Model based COVID-19 outbreak predictions in India. arXiv preprint arXiv:200400958. 2020;.","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.19406"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng L, Yang W, Zhang D, Zhuge C, Hong L. Epidemic analysis of COVID-19 in China by dynamical modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:200206563. 2020;.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.16.20023465"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref061","first-page":"32","article-title":"CoronaTracker: worldwide COVID-19 outbreak data analysis and prediction","volume":"1","author":"FB Hamzah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref062","first-page":"1","article-title":"Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in China and the United States","author":"M Peirlinck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref063","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Flu Season; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/about\/season\/flu-season.htm."},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref064","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Frequently Asked Influenza (Flu) Questions: 2020-2021 Season; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/season\/faq-flu-season-2020-2021.htm#anchor_1591372261934."},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref065","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org."},{"issue":"7-8","key":"pone.0243408.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7177(01)00104-2","article-title":"Four predator prey models with infectious diseases","volume":"34","author":"L Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mathematical and Computer Modelling"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243408.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2008.05.004","article-title":"Stability analysis and optimal vaccination of an SIR epidemic model","volume":"93","author":"G Zaman","year":"2008","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"issue":"10236","key":"pone.0243408.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31052-7","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection","volume":"395","author":"E Cuadrado-Pay\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref069","unstructured":"Wolfram Research, Inc. Mathematica, Version 11.3; 2018."},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref070","volume-title":"Ordinary differential equations and stability theory: an introduction","author":"DA Sanchez","year":"1979"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref071","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2018\u201319 Influenza Season; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/fluvaxview\/coverage-1819estimates.htm."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-480","article-title":"Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"M Biggerstaff","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0243408.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f20977","article-title":"The effective reproduction number of pandemic influenza: prospective estimation","volume":"21","author":"BJ Cowling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243408.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39057-w","article-title":"Estimation of the effective reproduction number of influenza based on weekly reports in Miyazaki Prefecture","volume":"9","author":"T Yamauchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0243408.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040967","article-title":"A systematic review of COVID-19 epidemiology based on current evidence","volume":"9","author":"M Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243408.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2017.06.002","article-title":"Reproduction numbers of infectious disease models","volume":"2","author":"P van den Driessche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Modelling"},{"key":"pone.0243408.ref077","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/about\/symptoms.html."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T23:11:53Z","timestamp":1618614713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243408"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yury E","family":"Khudyakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243408","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.03.19.20039198","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]}}}