{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T23:50:08Z","timestamp":1781221808289,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007746","name":"W.K. Kellogg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007746","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A widening evidence base across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) points towards mutually reinforcing linkages between poverty and mental health problems. The use of validated and culturally relevant measures of mental health outcomes is crucial to the expansion of evidence. At present, there is a paucity of measures that have been tested and validated in contexts of extreme poverty. Using data from adult women living in extreme poverty in rural Haiti this study assesses the cross-cultural validity of the widely used Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and its applicability in assessing linkages between poverty and mental health outcomes. We find no evidence for a one-dimensional 10-factor structure of the RSES within our data and agree with other authors that the standard self-esteem model does not fit well in this cultural context. Comparisons with another widely used measure of mental health\u2013the K6 measure\u2013indicate that the RSES cannot be used as a proxy for mental health outcomes. We conclude that the use of the RSES in different cultural contexts and with samples with different socioeconomic characteristics should be undertaken with caution; and that greater consideration of the validity of psychosocial constructs and their measurement is vital for gaining robust and replicable insights into breaking the cycle between poverty and mental health problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T18:27:22Z","timestamp":1607970442000},"page":"e0243457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessing mental health in a context of extreme poverty: Validation of the rosenberg self-esteem scale in rural Haiti"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7801-3096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keetie","family":"Roelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9801","key":"pone.0243457.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60754-X","article-title":"Poverty and mental disorders: breaking the cycle in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"C Lund","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243457.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.027","article-title":"Poverty and common mental disorders in low and middle income countries: A systematic review","volume":"71","author":"C Lund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social science & medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243457.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.02.037","article-title":"Mental health and poverty in developing countries: revisiting the relationship","volume":"65","author":"J Das","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0243457.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.004","article-title":"Revisiting the relationship between mental health and poverty in developing countries: a response to Corrigall","volume":"66","author":"J Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0243457.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0457-6","article-title":"The measurement of poverty in psychiatric epidemiology in LMICs: critical review and recommendations","volume":"47","author":"S Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0243457.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.01.005","article-title":"Poverty and mental illness: Fact or fiction? 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