{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T16:26:26Z","timestamp":1789835186869,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["283597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["283597"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Throughout the day, we may sometimes catch ourselves in patterns of thought that we experience as rigid and difficult to disengage from. Such \u201csticky\u201d thinking can be highly disruptive to ongoing tasks, and when it turns into rumination constitutes a vulnerability for mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. The main goal of the present study was to explore the stickiness dimension of thought, by investigating how stickiness is reflected in task performance and pupil size. To measure spontaneous thought processes, we asked participants to perform a sustained attention to response task (SART), in which we embedded the participant\u2019s concerns to potentially increase the probability of observing sticky thinking. The results indicated that sticky thinking was most frequently experienced when participants were disengaged from the task. Such episodes of sticky thought could be discriminated from neutral and non-sticky thought by an increase in errors on infrequent no-go trials. Furthermore, we found that sticky thought was associated with smaller pupil responses during correct responding. These results demonstrate that participants can report on the stickiness of their thought, and that stickiness can be investigated using pupillometry. In addition, the results suggest that sticky thought may limit attention and exertion of cognitive control to the task.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T18:53:39Z","timestamp":1607540019000},"page":"e0243532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Captivated by thought: \u201cSticky\u201d thinking leaves traces of perceptual decoupling in task-evoked pupil size"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1694-8424","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefan","family":"Huijser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathanja","family":"Verkaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke K.","family":"van Vugt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels A.","family":"Taatgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243532.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015331","article-title":"The Science of Mind Wandering: Empirically Navigating the Stream of Consciousness.","volume":"66","author":"J Smallwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"MAY","key":"pone.0243532.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Self-reported stickiness of mind-wandering affects task performance","volume":"7","author":"MK van Vugt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0243532.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611415539","article-title":"Sticky thoughts: Depression and rumination are associated with difficulties manipulating emotional material in working memory","volume":"22","author":"J Joormann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0243532.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and distress following a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.","volume":"61","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0243532.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.112.2.446","article-title":"Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire David.","volume":"112","author":"DJ Kavanagh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0243532.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.08.001","article-title":"Pleasure in the mind: Restrained eating and spontaneous hedonic thoughts about food","volume":"43","author":"E Papies","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0243532.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x","article-title":"Rethinking Rumination.","volume":"3","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2008","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0243532.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.504","article-title":"The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety\/depressive symptoms","volume":"109","author":"S Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0243532.ref009","volume-title":"Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic","author":"DH Barlow","year":"2002","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0243532.ref010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mind-wandering as spontaneous thought: a dynamic framework.","author":"K Christoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0243532.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2017.10.003","article-title":"Is an off-task mind a freely-moving mind? 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