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The evaluation of the burden, risk factors and prognosis of serious NADEs was carried out among 1309 cART-naive AIDS patients (median age: 38.2 years, range: 18\u201378 years) admitted in Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 2009 and December 2018. Among 1309 patients, 143 patients (10.9%) had at least one serious NADEs, including 49 (3.8%) with cerebrovascular diseases, 37 (2.8%) with non-AIDS-defining cancers, 28 (2.1%) with chronic kidney diseases, 26 (2.0%) with cardiovascular diseases, and 18 (1.4%) with liver cirrhosis. Serious NADEs distributed in different age and CD4 levels, especially with age \u226550 years and CD4 \u2264350 cells\/ul. Other traditional risk factors, including cigarette smoking (OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.3\u20132.8, p = 0.002), hypertension (OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.7\u20133.7, p&lt;0.001), chronic HCV infection (OR = 2.8, 95%CI = 1.4\u20135.6, p = 0.004), and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.2\u201314.1, p = 0.026), were also associated with serious NADEs. Seventeen cases (1.3%) with serious NADEs died among hospitalized cART-naive AIDS patients, and severe pneumonia (HR = 5.5, 95%CI = 1.9\u201315.9, p&lt;0.001) and AIDS-defining cancers (HR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.1\u201313.2, p = 0.038) were identified as risk factors associated with an increased hazard of mortality among these patients with serious NADEs. Serious NADEs also occurred in cART-naive AIDS patients in China with low prevalence. Our results reminded physicians that early screening of serious NADEs, timely intervention of their risk factors, management of severe AIDS-defining events, multi-disciplinary cooperation, and early initiation of cART were essential to reduce the burden of serious NADEs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T18:45:45Z","timestamp":1608662745000},"page":"e0243773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The burden of serious non-AIDS-defining events among admitted cART-naive AIDS patients in China: An observational cohort 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