{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T21:33:36Z","timestamp":1768080816761,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand","award":["AOI 2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AOI 2012"]}]},{"name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise Gilles de la Tourette","award":["AFSGT 2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFSGT 2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome\u2013Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL) is a self-rated disease-specific questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life of subjects with GTS.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our aim was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the GTS-QOL into French and to assess its psychometric properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The GTS-QOL was cross-culturally adapted by conducting forward and backward translations, following international guidelines. The psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French were assessed in 109 participants aged 16 years and above with regard to factor structure, internal consistency, reliability and convergent validity with the MOVES (Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey) and the WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exploratory factor analysis of the GTS-QOL-French resulted in a 6-factor solution and did not replicate the original structure in four subscales. The results showed good acceptability (missing values per subscale ranging from 0% to 0.9%), good internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha ranging from 0.68 to 0.94) and good test\u2013retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.70 to 0.81). Convergent validity with the MOVES and WHOQOL-BREF scales showed high correlations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides evidence of the good psychometric properties of the GTS-QOL-French. The cross-cultural adaptation and validation of this specific instrument will make it possible to assess health-related quality of life in French-speaking subjects with GTS. The GTS-QOL-French could be recommended for use in future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243912","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T18:43:33Z","timestamp":1608662613000},"page":"e0243912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the French version of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-4544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Jalenques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Cyrille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Derost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lauron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Jameux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urbain","family":"Tauveron-Jalenques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Candy","family":"Guiguet-Auclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-1559","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabien","family":"Rondepierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for The Syndrome de Gilles de La Tourette Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0243912.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)","author":"American Psychiatrist Association","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26766","article-title":"The prevalence of diagnosed tourette syndrome in Canada: A national population-based study","volume":"31","author":"J Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0823-8","article-title":"The effects of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders on quality of life across the lifespan: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"J Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00097","article-title":"Comorbidities, Social Impact, and Quality of Life in Tourette Syndrome","volume":"7","author":"V Eapen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13155","article-title":"Effects of comorbidity on Tourette\u2019s tic severity and quality of life","volume":"140","author":"HM Huisman\u2010van Dijk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00147.x","article-title":"Quality of Life (QOL) of patients with Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"103","author":"K Elstner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22900","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"25","author":"K M\u00fcller-Vahl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-109","article-title":"Quality of life in adults with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","volume":"12","author":"I Jalenques","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-011-9465-y","article-title":"The impact of Tourette Syndrome in adults: results from the Tourette Syndrome impact survey","volume":"49","author":"CA Conelea","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref010","first-page":"e271269","article-title":"Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life: General Issues","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canadian Respiratory Journal. Hindawi"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327890.02893.61","article-title":"The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome-quality of life scale (GTS-QOL): development and validation","volume":"71","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0164-6","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette Syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I: assessment","volume":"20","author":"The ESSTS Guidelines Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/140210","article-title":"The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale for children and adolescents (C&A-GTS-QOL): Development and validation of the Italian version","volume":"1","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behavioural Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref015","unstructured":"COSMIN\u2014Improving the selection of outcome measurement instruments [Internet]. COSMIN. [Cited 2020 April 14]. https:\/\/www.cosmin.nl\/"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","article-title":"Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires","volume":"60","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00","article-title":"The World Health Organization\u2019s WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A report from the WHOQOL group","volume":"13","author":"WHOQOL Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref018","first-page":"13","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a new instrument for evaluating quality of life, the WHOQOL-26, in a population of patients with neuromuscular diseases","volume":"26","author":"A Lepl\u00e8ge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1994.4.269","article-title":"The MOVES: A Self-Rating Scale for Tourette\u2019s Syndrome","volume":"4","author":"GR Gaffney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26891","article-title":"Systematic review of severity scales and screening instruments for tics: Critique and recommendations","volume":"32","author":"D Martino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8769-z","article-title":"The MOVES (Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey): cross-cultural evaluation of the French version and additional psychometric assessment","volume":"265","author":"I Jalenques","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jalenques I, Cyrille D, Derost P, Hartmann A, Jameux C, Guiguet-Auclair C, et al. \u201cThe GTS-QOL (Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome\u2013Quality of Life Scale): cross cultural evaluation of the French version\u201d, Mendeley Data, V3. 2020.","DOI":"10.1037\/t79244-000"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref023","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"AB Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00082-1","article-title":"Translating health status questionnaires and evaluating their quality: the IQOLA Project approach. International Quality of Life Assessment","volume":"51","author":"M Bullinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00085-7","article-title":"Methods for testing data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability: the IQOLA Project approach. International Quality of Life Assessment","volume":"51","author":"JE Ware","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00086-9","article-title":"Methods for validating and norming translations of health status questionnaires: the IQOLA Project approach. International Quality of Life Assessment","volume":"51","author":"B Gandek","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447403400115","article-title":"Little Jiffy, Mark Iv","volume":"34","author":"HF Kaiser","year":"1974","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10","article-title":"The Scree Test For The Number Of Factors","volume":"1","author":"RB Cattell","year":"1966","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199804000-00001","article-title":"Methodological Inquiries in Health Status Assessment","volume":"36","author":"CA McHorney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","article-title":"Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref031","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"JC Nunnally","year":"1994","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref032","volume-title":"Model of Health and Methodology","author":"JE Ware","year":"1980"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref033","unstructured":"Hinkle DE, Wiersma W, Jurs SG. Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences [Internet]. 5th ed. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin; London: Hi Marketing; 2002 [Cited 2018 November 21]. https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/version\/27775005"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006002107","article-title":"Distribution Theory for Glass\u2019s Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators","volume":"6","author":"LV Hedges","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Statistics"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref035","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.06.006","article-title":"The neuropsychiatry of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: The \u00e9tat de l\u2019art","volume":"174","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Part 1: the epidemiological and prevalence studies","volume":"65","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12959","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012959","article-title":"Repetitive behaviours in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: tics, compulsions, or both?","volume":"5","author":"Y Worbe","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.04.019","article-title":"Sensory phenomena: clinical correlates and impact on quality of life in adult patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"209","author":"E Crossley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.05.019","article-title":"On being your own worst enemy: an investigation of socially inappropriate symptoms in Tourette syndrome","volume":"47","author":"CM Eddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445513504432","article-title":"Premonitory Urges in Adults With Complicated and Uncomplicated Tourette Syndrome","volume":"38","author":"CM Eddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Modif"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.04.043","article-title":"Patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome have widespread personality differences","volume":"228","author":"MO Trillini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0163-7","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment","volume":"20","author":"The ESSTS Guidelines Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007466","article-title":"Practice guideline recommendations summary: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders","volume":"92","author":"T Pringsheim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816670083","article-title":"The English Version of the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents (C&A-GTS-QOL)","volume":"32","author":"MT Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2009.21.1.13","article-title":"The Behavioral Spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","volume":"21","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2009","journal-title":"JNP"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x","article-title":"Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome","volume":"51","author":"RD Freeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2013.03.001","article-title":"Coprolalia and copropraxia in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"48","author":"M Kobierska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087","article-title":"EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group","volume":"33","author":"R Rabin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.11.011","article-title":"Five-year diagnostic stability among adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric unit","volume":"89","author":"A Bl\u00e1zquez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00947","article-title":"Editorial: Clinical Psychometrics: Old Issues and New Perspectives","volume":"10","author":"M Balsamo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0243912.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.02.004","article-title":"Predictors during childhood of future health-related quality of life in adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"16","author":"AE Cavanna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243912","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T03:51:08Z","timestamp":1618717868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243912"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243912","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]}}}