{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:39:53Z","timestamp":1790800793793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is believed that the approximate estimation of large sets and the exact quantification of small sets (subitizing) are supported by two different systems, the Approximate Number System (ANS) and Object Tracking System (OTS), respectively. It is a current matter of debate whether they are both impaired in developmental dyscalculia (DD), a specific learning disability in symbolic number processing and calculation. Here we tackled this question by asking 32 DD children and 32 controls to perform a series of tasks on visually presented sets, including exact enumeration of small sets as well as comparison of large, uncountable sets. In children with DD, we found poor sensitivity in processing large numerosities, but we failed to find impairments in the exact enumeration of sets within the subitizing range. We also observed deficits in visual short-term memory skills in children with dyscalculia that, however, did not account for their low ANS acuity. Taken together, these results point to a dissociation between quantification skills in dyscalculia, they highlight a link between DD and low ANS acuity and provide support for the notion that DD is a multifaceted disability that covers multiple cognitive skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T19:29:07Z","timestamp":1609442947000},"page":"e0244578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Impaired large numerosity estimation and intact subitizing in developmental dyscalculia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-4457","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gisella","family":"Decarli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Paris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tencati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Nardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Vescovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Surian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0244578.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797613501520","article-title":"Separate mechanisms for perception of numerosity and density","volume":"25","author":"G. Anobile","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Science,"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0244578.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0301006615602599","article-title":"Number as a primary perceptual attribute: A review.","volume":"45","author":"G. Anobile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"pone.0244578.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12536","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12536","article-title":"Spontaneous perception of numerosity in humans","volume":"7","author":"G. M. Cicchini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0244578.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/10.6.20","article-title":"Subitizing but not estimation of numerosity requires attentional resources","volume":"10","author":"D. C. Burr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"pone.0244578.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195367638.001.0001","volume-title":"The Origin of Concepts","author":"S. Carey","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0244578.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12108","article-title":"Dissociation between small and large numerosities in newborn infants","volume":"17","author":"A. Coubart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Developmental Science,"},{"key":"pone.0244578.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.027","article-title":"Are the neural correlates of subitizing and estimation dissociable? An fNIRS investigation.","volume":"85","author":"S. 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