{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:04:21Z","timestamp":1791039861601,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Unimeq-Orl"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite the high prevalence of chronic otitis media (COM) in low to middle-income countries, there are few studies regarding its associated factors, health-related quality of life, and treatment costs. This study aimed to identify associated factors of COM, assess its impact on the quality of life as well as estimate the patients\u2019 reported costs of COM treatment in Colombia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Two otology-referral centers in Bogot\u00e1 (Colombia) were included. Questionnaires focusing on sociodemographic and clinical associated factors, quality of life, and patients\u2019 reported costs were administered to 200 adults with COM diagnosis and 144 control adults. Otoscopic evaluation and audiometric data were collected.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean age was 42.2 years (SD: 14.44). The median length of COM was 26.13 years (SD: 17.06), and 79.5% of the COM patients reported otorrhea during childhood (P-value: 0.01). The most frequently reported allergic disease among our study population was allergic rhinitis (26.5%). COM was less frequent in patients with a medium-high socioeconomic status (PR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39\u20130.72), and more frequent in patients who reported increased ear discharge due to upper respiratory tract infections (PR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.68\u20131.70). The global score of the \u201cChronic Suppurative Otitis Media Questionnaire-12\u201d showed a difference of 9 points between patients with active and inactive COM (P &lt; 0.001). Patients spent between 12.07% to 60.37% of their household income on expenses related to COM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Associated factors found in this study are consistent with previous reports. COM has a significant financial impact and affects patients\u2019 quality of life. Worldwide research addressing these issues in poor-resource countries is scarce, further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T20:44:27Z","timestamp":1609447467000},"page":"e0244797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Associated factors, health-related quality of life, and reported costs of chronic otitis media in adults at two otologic referral centers in a middle-income country"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-6433","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lucia C.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pe\u00f1aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Moreno-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6003-3678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Otoya-Tono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez- Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Pe\u00f1aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0244797.ref001","volume-title":"Chronic suppurative otitis media: Burden of illness and management options","author":"Organization WH","year":"2004"},{"key":"pone.0244797.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36226","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036226","article-title":"Burden of Disease Caused by Otitis Media: Systematic Review and Global Estimates","volume":"7","author":"L Monasta","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0244797.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000205","article-title":"A New Health-Related Quality of Life Measure for Active Chronic Otitis Media (COMQ-12)","volume":"35","author":"JS Phillips","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"pone.0244797.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-015-3840-1","article-title":"The changing epidemiological and complications profile of chronic suppurative otitis media in a developing country after two decades","volume":"273","author":"FT Orji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"pone.0244797.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.122126","article-title":"A survey of the burden of management of chronic suppurative otitis media in a developing Country","volume":"3","author":"F. 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