{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T02:51:41Z","timestamp":1787626301481,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> in the Mediterranean area and transmitted by phlebotomine sand fly vectors. The domestic dog is the main reservoir host. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different individual, environmental and spatial risk factors on the dog exposure to <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic> and to estimate the seroprevalence among owned and kennel dogs, in the Lazio region (central Italy), where canine leishmaniasis is endemic. In the period 2010\u20132014, 13,292 sera from kennel and owned dogs were collected by official and private veterinarians. The presence of anti-<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> IgG was analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using a 1:80 titre cut-off. At the univariable analysis, CanL seropositivity was associated with sex, size, breed, coat length, living with other dogs and forest\/semi-natural land cover. At the multivariable analysis, age, ownership and attitude were confirmed as risk factors, being more than 2 years old, owned, and hunting dogs at higher risk. Being a Maremma sheepdog was a protective factor. A true overall seroprevalence of 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2\u20137.2) was estimated in the whole population while 7.3% (95% CI: 6.8\u20137.8) was estimated in kennel dogs and 74.3% (95% CI: 70.8\u201377.6) in owned dogs. The role of kennels as a key component for CanL active and passive surveillance was also highlighted. This study confirmed the endemicity of CanL in the Lazio region and focused some factors that can influence the seropositivity of dogs in a Mediterranean region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T18:45:57Z","timestamp":1609785957000},"page":"e0244923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with exposure to Leishmania infantum in dogs, in an endemic Mediterranean region"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9699-713X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Rombol\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Barlozzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Carvelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Scarpulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Iacoponi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gladia","family":"Macr\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0244923.ref001","first-page":"491","article-title":"OIE Terrestrial Manual\u2014Leishmaniasis","author":"OIE World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0244923.ref002","first-page":"22","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0244923.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0244923.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.11.009","article-title":"Infection of sandflies by a cat naturally infected with Leishmania infantum","volume":"145","author":"M Maroli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0244923.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.01.012","article-title":"Feline leishmaniasis: Is the cat a small dog?","volume":"251","author":"MG Pennisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. 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