{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:52:11Z","timestamp":1793317931511,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009530","name":"Jawaharlal Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JIP\/Dean (R)\/Intramural\/Phs 1\/2019-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JIP\/Dean (R)\/Intramural\/Phs 1\/2019-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid urbanization and industrialization drives the rising burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) worldwide that are characterized by uptake of unhealthy lifestyle such as tobacco and alcohol use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. In India, the prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors shows wide variations across geographic regions necessitating region-specific evidence for population-based prevention and control of NCDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the prevalence of behavioral and biological risk factors of NCDs among adult population (18\u201369 years) in the Puducherry district located in Southern part of India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We surveyed adults using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed STEPwise approach to NCD surveillance (STEPS) during February 2019 to February 2020. A total of 2560 individuals were selected from urban and rural areas (50 clusters in each) through multi-stage cluster random sampling method. STEPS instrument was used to assess behavioral and physical measurements. Fasting blood sample was collected to estimate biochemical risk factors (Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia) of NCDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among men, alcohol use 40.4% (95% CI: 37.4\u201343.4) was almost twice higher compared to tobacco use 24.4% (95% CI: 21.7\u201326.9). Nearly half of the population was physically inactive 45.8% (95% CI: 43.8\u201347.8) and obese 46.1% (95% CI: 44\u201348.1). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were present among one-third 33.6% (95% CI: 31.6\u201335.5) and one-fourth 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1\u201329.1) of the population which were significantly higher among men (37.1% vs 30.8% and 31.6% vs 23.2% respectively). Physical inactivity and overweight\/obesity increased with increasing education levels. Tobacco and alcohol use was more common among men, whereas physical inactivity with obesity and hypercholesterolemia was higher among women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found high prevalence of various NCDs and its risk factors among the adult population of Puducherry district.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T18:19:58Z","timestamp":1610475598000},"page":"e0245254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Profile of risk factors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in a highly urbanized district of India: Findings from Puducherry district-wide STEPS Survey, 2019\u201320"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Parthibane","family":"Sivanantham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayaprakash","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subitha","family":"Lakshminarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachariah","family":"Bobby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7122-523X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sitanshu Sekhar","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0245254.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western. 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