{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:48:01Z","timestamp":1780573681738,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Malaya Specialist Centre (UMSC) C.A.R.E Research Fund","award":["Project No.: PV039-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No.: PV039-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The association between body mass index (BMI) and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) has been inconsistent. We aimed to explore the association of BMI with FGIDs in a primary care setting to provide more data in this area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional study of consecutive Asian adults attending a primary healthcare setting was conducted. This study was conducted in 2 phases: The association between BMI and common FGIDs (functional diarrhea\/FD, irritable bowel syndrome\/IBS, functional diarrhea and functional constipation\/FC) was studied initially. The influence of anxiety and depression on BMI and FGIDs was additionally explored in phase 2.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 1002 subjects (median age 32 years, 65.4% females, 90.7% Malay ethnicity, 73.2% higher than secondary level education) were recruited between August 2019 to January 2020. The majority of subjects were obese (39.2%), and had central obesity (51.7%), while 6.1% had metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of FD, IBS, functional diarrhea and FC were 7.5% (n = 75), 4.0% (n = 40), 1.2% (n = 12) and 10.5% (n = 105) respectively, based on the Rome III criteria. Among individual FGIDs, FD subjects had more underweight adults (BMI&lt;18.5kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) compared to controls (13.3% vs 3.5%, P = 0.002) and being underweight remained as an independent association with FD [OR = 3.648 (95%CI 1.494\u20138.905), P = 0.004] at multi-variate analysis. There were no independent associations between BMI and other FGIDs. When psychological morbidity was additionally explored, anxiety (OR 2.032; 95%CI = 1.034\u20133.991, p = 0.040), but not depression, and a BMI&lt;18.5kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (OR 3.231; 95%CI = 1.066\u20139.796, p = 0.038) were found to be independently associated with FD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>FD, but not other FGIDs, is associated with being underweight. This association is independent of the presence of anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T18:28:31Z","timestamp":1611685711000},"page":"e0245511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The association of body mass index with functional dyspepsia is independent of psychological morbidity: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-4051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keng Hau","family":"Beh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9811-7546","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kee Huat","family":"Chuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Azmi Mahamad","family":"Rappek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-0590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjiv","family":"Mahadeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0245511.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011","article-title":"Gastroduodenal Disorders","volume":"150","author":"V Stanghellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0245511.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.059","article-title":"Functional gastroduodenal disorders","volume":"130","author":"J 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