{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:41:07Z","timestamp":1788932467172,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Juarez del Estado de Durango"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The seroepidemiology of infection with <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>) in alcohol consumers is largely undeveloped. In light of this, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in alcohol consumers in Durango, Mexico, and the association of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence with characteristics of the population studied. Anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG and IgM antibodies were searched in sera of participants using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were then used to determine the association between <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and the characteristics of the population studied. Of the 1544 people studied (mean age: 39.4\u00b114.0 years), 173 (11.2%) tested positive for anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies. We were able to test 167 of the 173 anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG positive sera for anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM antibodies. Fifty-five (32.9%) of these 167 serum samples were positive for anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis showed that visual impairment, history of surgery, and hepatitis were negatively associated with <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG seropositivity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). In women, seropositivity to <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> was positively associated with a history of pregnancy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositivity was associated with the variables consumption of armadillo meat (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04\u20135.22; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), and the use of latrines for elimination of excretes (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.07\u20134.80; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03); and high (&gt;150 IU\/ml) anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies were associated with consumption of both armadillo meat (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01\u20135.02; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04) and crowding at home (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02\u20132.61; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). We found a distinct <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence in people with alcohol consumption from those previously found in population groups in the region. This is the first study that illustrates the association between high anti-<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> antibodies and crowding in Mexico, and the second study on the association between <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and consumption of armadillo meat and the use of latrines in this country. We conclude that epidemiology of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> infection in people with alcohol consumption deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T19:22:18Z","timestamp":1611861738000},"page":"e0245701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Estrada-Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma 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