{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:42:30Z","timestamp":1791434550719,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["Fellowship no. BT\/HRD\/35\/02\/2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship no. BT\/HRD\/35\/02\/2006"]}]},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota-Twin cities","award":["Stakman Endowment 1750-11031-20088-END00E0822-5669146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Stakman Endowment 1750-11031-20088-END00E0822-5669146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pectinolytic genus <jats:italic>Dickeya<\/jats:italic> (formerly <jats:italic>Erwinia chrysanthemi<\/jats:italic>) comprises numerous pathogenic species which cause diseases in various crops and ornamental plants across the globe. Their pathogenicity is governed by complex multi-factorial processes of adaptive virulence gene regulation. Extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides present on bacterial envelope surface play a significant role in the virulence of phytopathogenic bacteria. However, very little is known about the genomic location, diversity, and organization of the polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene clusters in <jats:italic>Dickeya<\/jats:italic>. In the present study, we report the diversity and structural organization of the group 4 capsule (G4C)\/O-antigen capsule, putative O-antigen lipopolysaccharide, enterobacterial common antigen, and core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis clusters from 54 <jats:italic>Dickeya<\/jats:italic> strains. The presence of these clusters suggests that <jats:italic>Dickeya<\/jats:italic> has both capsule and lipopolysaccharide carrying O-antigen to their external surface. These gene clusters are key regulatory components in the composition and structure of the outer surface of <jats:italic>Dickeya<\/jats:italic>. The O-antigen capsule\/group 4 capsule (G4C) coding region shows a variation in gene content and organization. Based on nucleotide sequence homology in these <jats:italic>Dickey<\/jats:italic>a strains, two distinct groups, G4C group I and G4C group II, exist. However, comparatively less variation is observed in the putative O-antigen lipopolysaccharide cluster in <jats:italic>Dickeya spp<\/jats:italic>. except for in <jats:italic>Dickeya zeae<\/jats:italic>. Also, enterobacterial common antigen and core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis clusters are present mostly as conserved genomic regions. The variation in the O-antigen capsule and putative O-antigen lipopolysaccharide coding region in relation to their phylogeny suggests a role of multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. These multiple HGT processes might have been manifested into the current heterogeneity of O-antigen capsules and O-antigen lipopolysaccharides in <jats:italic>Dickeya<\/jats:italic> strains during its evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T23:24:19Z","timestamp":1613085859000},"page":"e0245727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Genomic diversity and organization of complex polysaccharide biosynthesis clusters in the genus Dickeya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Manish","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devanshi","family":"Khokhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeeva","family":"Nayaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchi","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary P.","family":"Keyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6711-2088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ashish","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0245727.ref001","article-title":"Transfer of Pectobacterium chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. 1973 and Brenneria paradisiaca to the genus Dickeya gen. nov. as Dickeya chrysanthemi comb. nov. and Dickeya paradisiaca comb. nov. and delineation of four novel species, Dick.","author":"R Samson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0245727.ref002","article-title":"Dickeya species: An emerging problem for potato production in Europe","author":"IK Toth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant 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