{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:57:58Z","timestamp":1785236278634,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA\u2010AFRI; https:\/\/nifa.usda.gov) National Needs Fellowship","award":["2016\u201038420\u201025496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u201038420\u201025496"]}]},{"name":"AB Vista"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The experimental objective was to characterize the impact of insoluble corn-based fiber, xylanase, and an arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide on ileal digesta and mucosa microbiome of pigs. Three replicates of 20 gilts were blocked by initial body weight, individually-housed, and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF), a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF), HF+100 mg\/kg xylanase (HF+XY), and HF+50 mg\/kg arabinoxylan oligosaccharide (HF+AX). Gilts were fed their respective treatments for 46 days. On day 46, pigs were euthanized and ileal digesta and mucosa were collected. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA was amplified and sequenced, generating a total of 2,413,572 and 1,739,013 high-quality sequences from the digesta and mucosa, respectively. Sequences were classified into 1,538 mucosa and 2,495 digesta operational taxonomic units (OTU). Hidden-state predictions of 25 enzymes were made using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUST2). Compared to LF, HF increased<jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-002<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Turicibacter<\/jats:italic>in the digesta,<jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae_unclassified<\/jats:italic>in the mucosa, and decreased<jats:italic>Actinobacillus<\/jats:italic>in both (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Relative to HF, HF+XY increased 19 and 14 of the 100 most abundant OTUs characterized from digesta and mucosa, respectively (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Notably, HF+XY increased the OTU_23_<jats:italic>Faecalibacterium<\/jats:italic>by nearly 6 log<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-fold change, compared to HF. Relative to HF, HF+XY increased genera<jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, and decreased<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Turicibacter<\/jats:italic>in digesta (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), and increased<jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>and decreased<jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>in the mucosa (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Compared to HF, HF+AX increased 5 and 6 of the 100 most abundant OTUs characterized from digesta and mucosa, respectively, (<jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), but HF+AX did not modulate similar taxa as HF+XY. The PICRUST2 predictions revealed HF+XY increased gene-predictions for enzymes associated with arabinoxylan degradation and xylose metabolism in the digesta, and increased enzymes related to short-chain fatty acid production in the mucosa. Collectively, these data suggest xylanase elicits a stimbiotic and prebiotic mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T18:30:33Z","timestamp":1611772233000},"page":"e0246144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Xylanase modulates the microbiota of ileal mucosa and digesta of pigs fed corn-based arabinoxylans likely through both a stimbiotic and prebiotic mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Petry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1672-5116","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John F.","family":"Patience","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas R.","family":"Koester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichole F.","family":"Huntley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1907-0709","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephan","family":"Schmitz-Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0246144.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8136","article-title":"Wean-to-finish feeder space availability effects on nursery and finishing pig performance and total tract digestibility in a commercial setting when feeding dried distillers grains with solubles","volume":"93","author":"EK Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"pone.0246144.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041417","article-title":"Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits","volume":"5","author":"J. 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