{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:08:40Z","timestamp":1780445320580,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEP2015-70701-P (MINECO\/FEDER)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEP2015-70701-P (MINECO\/FEDER)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maneuvering a motorcycle in racing conditions or for prolonged time is sufficiently demanding that on many occasions forearm muscles reach a state of functional failure when riders cannot properly brake or operate the throttle. This study intends to discriminate which ones of the several dynamometric parameters used in the literature to characterize the Force-time (F-t) curve during voluntary contractions are more sensitive to neuromuscular fatigue in simulated motorcycle-riding conditions. Thirty-three adults performed an intermittent fatiguing protocol (IFP) that simulated the brake-pulling and throttle-twisting actions, by using a hydraulic system equipped with a pressure sensor. Sixty pressure-time (P-t) curve parameters, including the rate of pressure development (RPD) and area under the curve were measured to characterize the time course of the braking maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Two types of variables were used to analyze the P-t curve: 1) Times interval (from 0 to 30-50-100-500-1000 and 2000 ms); 2) Percentages of MVC (10-30-60-90%MVC). Overall significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2264 0.05) fatigue-related declines were observed only at time intervals longer than 100 ms and contraction intensities higher than 30%MVC. Strong and significant linear declines (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) were observed at 500 ms and 1 s for normalized pressures, as well as for the ratio RPD<jats:sub>60%MVC<\/jats:sub>\/MVC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.003) throughout the IFP. Our results suggest considering RPD at time windows of 0\u2013500 ms and 0\u20131 s, and contraction intensities comprised between 30% and 60% of MVC, as more suitable criteria to study fatigue-related decrements in performance rather than the classical MVC force.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,7]],"date-time":"2021-02-07T22:59:26Z","timestamp":1612738766000},"page":"e0246242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Forearm muscles fatigue induced by repetitive braking on a motorcycle is best discriminated by specific kinetic parameters"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-5178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michel","family":"Marina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5938-9100","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priscila","family":"Torrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Baudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0246242.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(98)00055-6","article-title":"Effect of grip span on maximal grip force and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis","volume":"30","author":"JR Blackwell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246242.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.08.008","article-title":"Comparison of an intermittent and continuous forearm muscles fatigue protocol with motorcycle riders and control group","volume":"23","author":"M Marina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246242.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1984.10605350","article-title":"Rate of Force Development in the Handgripping Muscles by Females as a Function of Fatigue Level","volume":"55","author":"JL Ewing","year":"1984","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0246242.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198105000-00013","article-title":"Effect of fatigue level on rate of force development by the grip-flexor muscles","volume":"13","author":"JT Kearney","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0246242.ref005","first-page":"444","article-title":"Force-time characteristics of the exertion and release of hand grip strength under normal and fatigued conditions. 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