{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:14:42Z","timestamp":1789730082284,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-15-00420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-15-00420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Because of the constantly growing numbers of COVID-19 infections and deaths, attempts were undertaken to find drugs with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity among ones already approved for other pathologies. In the framework of such attempts, in a number of\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , models it was shown that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has an effect against SARS-CoV-2. While there were not enough clinical data to support the use of HCQ, several countries including Russia have included HCQ in treatment protocols for infected patients and for prophylaxis. In the current non-randomized, observational study we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharynx swabs from infected patients 7\u201310 days post symptoms with clinically mild disease and compared the viral RNA load dynamics between patients receiving HCQ (200 mg twice per day according to the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation treatment instructions,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 33) and a control group without antiviral pharmacological therapy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 12). We found a statistically significant relationship between maximal RNA quantity and deterioration of patients\u2019 medical conditions, and as well we confirmed arterial hypertension to be a risk factor for people with COVID-19. However, we showed that at the dose used in the study HCQ therapy neither shortened the viral shedding period nor reduced the virus RNA load.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T13:28:47Z","timestamp":1611926927000},"page":"e0246396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["High SARS-CoV-2 load in the nasopharynx of patients with a mild form of COVID-19 is associated with clinical deterioration regardless of the hydroxychloroquine administration"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alexey","family":"Komissarov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Molodtsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8477-9706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oxana","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Maryukhnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kudryavtseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Mazus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Nikonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4111-0874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena","family":"Vasilieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0246396.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"71","author":"X Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246396.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro","volume":"6","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell discovery"},{"key":"pone.0246396.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101735","article-title":"Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review","volume":"35","author":"AM Hashem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel medicine and infectious disease"},{"key":"pone.0246396.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1460","article-title":"Early hydroxychloroquine but not chloroquine use reduces ICU admission in COVID-19 patients","volume":"101","author":"AJJ Lammers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246396.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.01047","article-title":"Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies","volume":"14","author":"J Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246396.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"P Gautret","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"pone.0246396.ref007","article-title":"Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19\u2014Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results","author":"Consortium WHOST","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0246396.ref008","article-title":"Effect of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19","author":"RC Group","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0246396.ref009","article-title":"A Cluster-Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention of Covid-19","author":"O Mitja","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0246396.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4207","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19: A Randomized Trial","volume":"173","author":"CP Skipper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0246396.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30232-2","article-title":"Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0246396.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30113-4","article-title":"Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples","volume":"20","author":"Y Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0246396.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients","volume":"382","author":"L Zou","year":"2020","journal-title":"The New England journal of 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study","volume":"43","author":"S Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension research: official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T13:28:57Z","timestamp":1611926937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246396"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Walter 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