{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:09:16Z","timestamp":1771016956328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains one of the major causes of death and disability in developing countries. This preventable, treatable but not curable form of cardiovascular disease is needlessly killing scores of children and youth mainly due to the misunderstanding of the burden of the disease in these countries. We sought to describe the prevalence of RHD at one of the major referral cardiology clinics in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a retrospective cross-sectional chart review of all patients referred for a cardiopathy at the Tikur Anbessa Referral Cardiac Clinic from June 2015 to August 2018. We excluded records of patients with a non-cardiac diagnosis and those without a clear diagnosis. A predesigned and tested EXCEL form was used to collect the data. The data was encoded directly from the patient record files. MATLAB\u2019s statistics toolbox (MATLAB2019b) was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the total 7576 records analyzed 59.5% of the patients were women. 83.1% of the data belonged to adult patients with the largest concentration reported in the 18 to 27 age group. 69.7% of the patients were from urban areas. The median age of the study population was 30 (interquartile range = 21\u201350). 4151 cases were caused by RHD which showed that RHD constituted 54.8% of the cases. The median age for RHD patients was 25 (interquartile range = 19\u201334). The second most prevalent disease was hypertensive heart disease which constituted 13.6% that was followed by congenital heart disease with 9% prevalence rate.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study indicated the extent of the RHD prevalence in Ethiopia\u2019s cardiac hospital was 54.8%. What was more critical was that almost 70% of the RHD patients were mainly the working-age group(19 to 34 years).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T20:50:31Z","timestamp":1613508631000},"page":"e0246519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in a major referral cardiology clinic in Ethiopia: A retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0990-3348","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Melkamu H.","family":"Asmare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frehiwot","family":"Woldehanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Hunegnaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Vanrumste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246519.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22443","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.22443","article-title":"Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are they relevant to population health patterns in Africa?","volume":"7","author":"B. K Defo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0246519.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.115251","article-title":"Of History, Half-Truths and Rheumatic Fever","volume":"6","author":"Shyam S Kothari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Pediatric Cardiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0246519.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2015-037","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease in Africa: is there a role for genetic studies?: review article","volume":"26","author":"A. O Mocumbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Journal of Africa"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dougherty S, Khors M, and Herbst P. Rheumaticheartdiseasescreening: Current concepts and challenges; 2017. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2069.197051.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2069.197051"},{"issue":"9819","key":"pone.0246519.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61171-9","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease","volume":"379","author":"E Marijon","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0246519.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.08.008","article-title":"Estimates of the Global Burden of Rheumatic Heart Disease","volume":"8","author":"LJ Z\u00fchlke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global Heart"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref007","unstructured":"RHD Action, RHD GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 2015\u201317 (2016), People, Policy, Programs and Progress; http:\/\/rhdaction.org\/."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0246519.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.3201\/eid\/1706.100804","article-title":"InvasiveGroup A Streptococcal Infection and Vaccine Implications, Auckland, New Zealand","volume":"17","author":"A Safar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref009","unstructured":"Marquez PV, Farrington JL. The Challenge of Non-Communicable Diseases and Road Traffic Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa. An Overview. Washington, DC; 2013."},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref010","unstructured":"WHO, Seventy-First World Health Assembly, provisional agenda item 12.8, 12 April 2018."},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010829","article-title":"Spectrum of cardiovascular diseases in six main referral hospitals of Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"D Yadeta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Asia"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0246519.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","article-title":"The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0246519.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065085","article-title":"Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease Detected by Echocardiographic Screening","volume":"357","author":"E Marijon","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.06.145","article-title":"Prevalence, prevalence and outcome of rheumatic heart disease in South Africa: a systematic review of contemporary studies","volume":"199","author":"L Z\u00fchlke","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of cardiology"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2011.04.001","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"104","author":"M Diao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"pone.0246519.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.092312","article-title":"Echocardiography Screening for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Ugandan Schoolchildren","volume":"125","author":"A Beaton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246519.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-7682-6-44","article-title":"The spectrum of cardiac disease in the West Region of Cameroon: a hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"A M Jingi","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Archives of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246519.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-53","article-title":"The spectrum of paediatric cardiac disease presenting to an outpatient clinic in Malawi","volume":"6","author":"N Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref019","first-page":"14044","article-title":"Prevalence of RHD in Ugandan School-aged population: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"130","author":"J Weinberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0246519.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000174993","article-title":"Rheumatic Heart Disease Prevalence among Schoolchildren of an Ethiopian Rural Town","volume":"80","author":"K Oli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunar G\u00fcnther, Jilalu Asmera, Eldryd Parry, Death from rheumatic heart disease in rural Ethiopia, the lancent Vol 367, February 4, 2006.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68128-2"},{"issue":"No.1","key":"pone.0246519.ref022","article-title":"Spectrum of cardiovascular diseases among Ethiopian patients at tikur anbessa specialized university teaching hospital","volume":"Vol 52","author":"Senbeta Guteta Abdissa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Addis Ababa Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0246519.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316687104","article-title":"Community-based prevalence study of rheumatic heart disease in rural Ethiopia","volume":"24","author":"T Gemechu","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Preventive Cardiology"},{"issue":"No. 8","key":"pone.0246519.ref024","volume":"Vol. 106","author":"Bongani M. Mayosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"The status of rheumatic heart disease in South Africa, 2016 National Rheumatic Fever Week"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","article-title":"World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease-an evidence-based guideline","volume":"9","author":"B Rem\u00e9nyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas H, Marwick, Thierry C, Gillebert. Recommendations on the Use of Echocardiography in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE).2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.05.002"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref027","unstructured":"Directive 95\/46\/EC and Belgian law of December 8, 1992, on the Protection of the Privacy in relation to the Processing of Personal Data."},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref028","unstructured":"Watkins D, Zuhlke L. Seven key actions to eradicate rheumatic heart disease in Africa,theAddisAbabacommunique.CardiovascularJournalofAfrica.2016;."},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref029","unstructured":"Africa Union (AU), Development of a roadmap for the eradication of Rheumatic heart disease in Africa. Africa Union (AU).2015."},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S12977","article-title":"The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease","volume":"3","author":"MD Seckeler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0246519.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009857","article-title":"Contemporary Issues in Rheumatic Fever and Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease","volume":"130","author":"MR Essop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0246519.ref032","article-title":"Community Awareness of Sore Throat and Rhuematic Heart Disease in Northern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"A Hailu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sudan Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246519.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3822-2","article-title":"Good governance, public health expenditures, urbanization and child under nutrition Nexus in Ethiopia: an ecological analysis","volume":"19","author":"S Biadgilign","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0246519.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-019-0470-1","article-title":"Community health extension program of Ethiopia, 2003\u20132018: successes and challenges toward universal coverage for primary healthcare services","volume":"15","author":"Y Assefa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref035","unstructured":"Evaluation of Community-Based Health Insurance Pilot Schemes in Ethiopia: Final Report Ethiopian Health Insurance Agency, Addis Ababa (2015)"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref036","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), 2019, Global Framework for Urban Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, accessed at: https:\/\/www.unicef.org."},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref037","first-page":"14","article-title":"Adherence to Benzathine Penicillin G Secondary Prophylaxis and Its Determinants in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease at a Cardiac Center of an Ethiopian Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","volume":"2020","author":"Kajela Kibirat Mekonen","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence"},{"key":"pone.0246519.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.232","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease among school children in Ethiopia: a multisite echocardiography-based screening","volume":"221","author":"D Yadeta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258068","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"record-id":"32552"},{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258068","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246519","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T20:51:27Z","timestamp":1613508687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246519"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nicole J.","family":"Moreland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246519","relation":{"retraction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258068","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]}}}