{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T02:17:48Z","timestamp":1772072268275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/02539-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/02539-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/06974-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/06974-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012\/07310-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/07310-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine whether the permeation capacity and analgesic efficacy of articaine (ATC) could be increased and cytotoxicity decreased by encapsulation in poly(\u025b-caprolactone) nanocapsules (ATC<jats:sub>nano<\/jats:sub>), aiming at local or topical anesthesia in dentistry. Cellular viability was evaluated (using the MTT test and fluorescence microscopy) after 1 h and 24 h exposure of HaCaT cells to ATC, ATC<jats:sub>nano<\/jats:sub>, ATC with epinephrine (ATC<jats:sub>epi<\/jats:sub>), and ATC in nanocapsules with epinephrine (ATC<jats:sub>nanoepi<\/jats:sub>). The profiles of permeation of 2% ATC and 2% ATC<jats:sub>nano<\/jats:sub> across swine esophageal epithelium were determined using Franz-type vertical diffusion cells. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated with a von Frey anesthesiometer in a postoperative pain model in rats, comparing the 2% ATC, 2% ATC<jats:sub>nano<\/jats:sub>, 2% ATC<jats:sub>epi<\/jats:sub>, and 2% ATC<jats:sub>nanoepi<\/jats:sub> formulations to 4% ATC<jats:sub>epi<\/jats:sub> (a commercially available formulation). We show that use of the nanocapsules decreased the toxicity of articaine (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001) and increased its flux (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0007). The 2% ATC<jats:sub>epi<\/jats:sub> and 4% ATC<jats:sub>epi<\/jats:sub> formulations provided higher analgesia success and duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05), compared to 2% ATC, 2% ATC<jats:sub>nano<\/jats:sub>, and 2% ATC<jats:sub>nanoepi<\/jats:sub>. Articaine-loaded poly(\u025b-caprolactone) nanocapsules constitute a promising formulation for intraoral topical anesthesia (prior to local anesthetic injection), although it is not effective when injected in inflamed tissues for pain control, such as irreversible pulpitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T23:20:24Z","timestamp":1613085624000},"page":"e0246760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Promising potential of articaine-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapules for intraoral topical anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Batista da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria 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