{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:06:40Z","timestamp":1774562800158,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Paul and Lea Levine Foundation"},{"name":"North Carolina Veterinary Medical Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013506","name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK034987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK034987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013506","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011073","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK056350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK056350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The protozoal pathogen<jats:italic>Tritrichomonas foetus<\/jats:italic>infects the colon of domestic cats and is a major cause of chronic colitis and diarrhea. Treatment failure is common, but antibiotics may improve clinical signs in a subset of cats, leading researchers to question involvement of the colonic microbiota in disease pathogenesis. Studies performed in women with venereal<jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>infections have revealed that dysbiosis of host microbiota contributes to pathogenicity with similar findings also found in mice with intestinal<jats:italic>Tritrichomonas musculis<\/jats:italic>The aim of this study was to characterize differences in the fecal microbiota of cats with and without naturally occurring<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>foetus<\/jats:italic>infection and in a group of kittens prior to and after experimentally induced infection. Archived fecal DNA from cats undergoing testing for<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>foetus<\/jats:italic>infection (n = 89) and experimentally infected kittens (n = 4; at pre-, 2 weeks, and 9 weeks post-infection) were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Amongst the naturally infected population, the genera<jats:italic>Megamonas<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>were significantly increased in prevalence and abundance in cats testing positive for<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>foetus<\/jats:italic>infection. In the group of four experimentally infected kittens, fecal samples post-infection had significantly lower abundance of genus<jats:italic>Dialister<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Megamonas<\/jats:italic>and greater abundance of the class<jats:italic>Betaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>and family<jats:italic>Succinivibrionaceae<\/jats:italic>. We hypothesize that<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>foetus<\/jats:italic>promotes dysbiosis by competition for fermentable substrates used by these bacteria and that metabolic byproducts may contribute to the pathogenesis of colonic inflammation and diarrhea. Future studies are warranted for the measurement of fecal concentrations of microbial and protozoal metabolites in cats with<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>foetus<\/jats:italic>infection for the identification of potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T02:33:13Z","timestamp":1613788393000},"page":"e0246957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in cats with naturally occurring and experimentally induced Tritrichomonas foetus infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Metzere","family":"Bierlein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0399-7163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barry A.","family":"Hedgespeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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