{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:44:58Z","timestamp":1773305098371,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013374","name":"NIHR School for Primary Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C55650\/A21464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C55650\/A21464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is considerable heterogeneity in individuals\u2019 risk of disease and thus the absolute benefits and harms of population-wide screening programmes. Using colorectal cancer (CRC) screening as an exemplar, we explored how people make decisions about screening when presented with information about absolute benefits and harms, and how those preferences vary with baseline risk, between screening tests and between individuals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted two linked studies with members of the public: a think-aloud study exploring decision making in-depth and an online randomised experiment quantifying preferences. In both, participants completed a web-based survey including information about three screening tests (colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and faecal immunochemical testing) and then up to nine scenarios comparing screening to no screening for three levels of baseline risk (1%, 3% and 5% over 15 years) and the three screening tests. Participants reported, after each scenario, whether they would opt for screening (yes\/no).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 20 participants in the think-aloud study 13 did not consider absolute benefits or harms when making decisions concerning CRC screening. In the online experiment (n = 978), 60% expressed intention to attend at 1% risk of CRC, 70% at 3% and 77% at 5%, with no differences between screening tests. At an individual level, 535 (54.7%) would attend at all three risk levels and 178 (18.2%) at none. The 27% whose intention varied by baseline risk were more likely to be younger, without a family history of CRC, and without a prior history of screening.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Most people in our population were not influenced by the range of absolute benefits and harms associated with CRC screening presented. For an appreciable minority, however, magnitude of benefit was important.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T21:40:30Z","timestamp":1613511630000},"page":"e0246991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The impact of information about different absolute benefits and harms on intention to participate in colorectal cancer screening: A think-aloud study and online randomised experiment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8501-2531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juliet A.","family":"Usher-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Riedinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise M.","family":"Helsingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyubov","family":"Lytvyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maaike","family":"Buskermolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Lansdorp-Vogelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bretthauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Guyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2157-4797","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0246991.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-309086","article-title":"Colorectal cancer screening: a global overview of existing programmes","volume":"64","author":"EH Schreuders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"pone.0246991.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmau.2016.10.002","article-title":"Breast cancer screening programs: Review of merits, demerits, and recent recommendations practiced across the world","volume":"5","author":"TA Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Microsc Ultrastruct"},{"key":"pone.0246991.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v10120729","article-title":"Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing","volume":"10","author":"AC Chrysostomou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pone.0246991.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.3332","article-title":"Screening for Colorectal Cancer. 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