{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T04:59:38Z","timestamp":1770958778033,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although ethnic minority clients (EMs) from STI endemic countries have a higher risk for STI, little is known about their STI clinic consultation rate proportionality. The aim of this study was to assess consultation and chlamydia positivity rates among different EMs visiting STI clinics in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We calculated consultation rates in EM groups by dividing the number of STI consultations by the total number of inhabitants in the region belonging to an EM, then compared the EM rates to native Dutch rates. Factors associated with chlamydia positivity were analysed using multivariate regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 23,841 clients visiting an eastern Netherlands STI clinic between 2011 and 2013 were included in the analysis, of which 7% were EMs. The consultation rate of native Dutch clients was 22.5 per 1000, compared to 8.5 per 1000 among EMs. Consultation rates in all EMs were lower than in Dutch clients, except for Antillean or Aruban EMs and Latin American EMs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The chlamydia positivity rate among all clients was 15.5%, and Antillean or Aruban ethnicity (27.1%) EMs had the highest rates. Multivariate analysis identified the following factors associated with chlamydia positivity: Eastern or Northern European EM, African EM, Antillean or Aruban EM, STI related symptoms, heterosexual preference, partner in a risk group, receiving a partner notification, and having had three or more partners in the past six months.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>On a population level, most EMs visit STI clinics less often than native Dutch clients, but they have a higher rate of positive chlamydia diagnoses. STI clinics should increase outreach activities for EM clients because they are insufficiently reached by current practices, but contribute substantially to chlamydia incidence rates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T19:54:43Z","timestamp":1613764483000},"page":"e0247130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Consultation rate and chlamydia positivity among ethnic minority clients at STI clinics in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"S. B.","family":"Ostendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0675-6231","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C. J. G.","family":"Kampman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J. P. A.","family":"Hoebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"van der Velden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L. A.","family":"Hautvast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. H. M.","family":"van Jaarsveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0247130.ref001","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections in The Netherlands in 2017.","author":"M Visser","year":"2018","journal-title":"RIVM"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67287","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067287","article-title":"Higher Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence in ethnic minorities does not always reflect higher sexual risk behaviour","volume":"8","author":"A Matser","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053308","article-title":"Ethnicity and sexual risk in heterosexual people attending sexual health clinics in England: a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study.","volume":"94","author":"RM Coyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74813-3","article-title":"Ethnic variations in sexual behaviour in Great Britain and risk of sexually transmitted infections: a probability survey","volume":"365","author":"KA Fenton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3253","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816001679","article-title":"Examining the role of socioeconomic deprivation in ethnic differences in sexually transmitted infection diagnosis rates in England: evidence from surveillance data","volume":"144","author":"M Furegato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e458","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30159-7","article-title":"Ethnic variations in sexual behaviours and sexual health markers: findings from the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).","volume":"2","author":"S Wayal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052558","article-title":"Ethnic and regional differences in STI clinic use: a Dutch epidemiological study using aggregated STI clinic data combined with population numbers.","volume":"93","author":"AA Van Oeffelen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.046839","article-title":"Factors associated with genitourinary medicine clinic attendance and sexually transmitted infection diagnosis among central and east European migrants in London.","volume":"87","author":"AR Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036004","article-title":"How and why do South Asians attend GUM clinics? Evidence from contrasting GUM clinics across England.","volume":"86","author":"J Dhar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref010","first-page":"97","article-title":"Omvang en spreiding van Surinaamse bevolkingsgroepen in Nederland.","author":"K Oudhof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Centraal Bureau voor Statistiek, Bevolkingstrends, 2e kwartaal"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3533-7","article-title":"Differences in Chlamydia trachomatis seroprevalence between ethnic groups cannot be fully explained by socioeconomic status, sexual healthcare seeking behavior or sexual risk behavior: a cross-sectional analysis in the Healthy Life in an Urban setting (HELIUS) study.","volume":"18","author":"SH Hulstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0281-2","article-title":"Comparison of STI-related consultations among ethnic groups in the Netherlands: an epidemiologic study using electronic records from general practices.","volume":"16","author":"PJ Woestenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Family Practice"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref013","first-page":"12","article-title":"Condoomgebruik en testgedrag in Nederland.","volume":"36","author":"M Goenee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.12.003","article-title":"Access to healthcare in superdiverse neighbourhoods.","volume":"55","author":"S Pemberton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"pone.0247130.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1, S64","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304922","article-title":"Advancing Health Services Research to Eliminate Health Care Disparities.","volume":"109","author":"J Wasserman","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247130","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T19:54:53Z","timestamp":1613764493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247130"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Ojcius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0247130","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]}}}