{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T23:46:35Z","timestamp":1768693595769,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA190688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA190688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15DK114732-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15DK114732-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1626406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1626406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CSU Program for Education and Research in Biotechnology","award":["New Investigator Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["New Investigator Award"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009972","name":"California State University, Chico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Internal Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Internal Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009972","name":"California State University, Chico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Student Research and Creativity Awards"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Student Research and Creativity Awards"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The gene <jats:italic>SON<\/jats:italic> is on human chromosome 21 (21q22.11) and is thought to be associated with hematopoietic disorders that accompany Down syndrome. Additionally, <jats:italic>SON<\/jats:italic> is an RNA splicing factor that plays a role in the transcription of leukemia-associated genes. Previously, we showed that mutations in <jats:italic>SON<\/jats:italic> cause malformations in human and zebrafish spines and brains during early embryonic development. To examine the role of <jats:italic>SON<\/jats:italic> in normal hematopoiesis, we reduced expression of the zebrafish homolog of <jats:italic>SON<\/jats:italic> in zebrafish at the single-cell developmental stage with specific morpholinos. In addition to the brain and spinal malformations we also observed abnormal blood cell levels upon <jats:italic>son<\/jats:italic> knockdown. We then investigated how blood production was altered when levels of <jats:italic>son<\/jats:italic> were reduced. Decreased levels of <jats:italic>son<\/jats:italic> resulted in lower amounts of red blood cells when visualized with <jats:italic>lcr<\/jats:italic>:GFP transgenic fish. There were also reduced thrombocytes seen with <jats:italic>cd41<\/jats:italic>:GFP fish, and myeloid cells when <jats:italic>mpx<\/jats:italic>:GFP fish were examined. We also observed a significant decrease in the quantity of T cells, visualized with <jats:italic>lck<\/jats:italic>:GFP fish. However, when we examined their hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), we saw no difference in colony-forming capability. These studies indicate that <jats:italic>son<\/jats:italic> is essential for the proper differentiation of the innate and adaptive immune system, and further investigation determining the molecular pathways involved during blood development should elucidate important information about vertebrate HSPC generation, proliferation, and differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T18:31:23Z","timestamp":1614277883000},"page":"e0247489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["son is necessary for proper vertebrate blood development"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0464-0577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rebecca 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