{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:34:34Z","timestamp":1792802074978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"V\u00e4sterbotten County Council, Ume\u00e5 Universitet","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05kb8h459","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007687","name":"Swedish Society of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Scholar grant (2009)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scholar grant (2009)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017-00915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-00915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018-02532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-02532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>How acute hyperglycaemia affects memory functions and functional brain responses in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes is unclear. Our aim was to study the association between acute hyperglycaemia and working, semantic, and episodic memory in participants with type 2 diabetes compared to a sex- and age-matched control group. We also assessed the effect of hyperglycaemia on working memory\u2013related brain activity. A total of 36 participants with type 2 diabetes and 34 controls (mean age, 66 years) underwent hyperglycaemic clamp or placebo clamp in a blinded and randomised order. Working, episodic, and semantic memory were tested. Overall, the control group had higher working memory (mean z-score 33.15 \u00b1 0.45) than the group with type 2 diabetes (mean z-score 31.8 \u00b1 0.44, p = 0.042) considering both the placebo and hyperglycaemic clamps. Acute hyperglycaemia did not influence episodic, semantic, or working memory performance in either group. Twenty-two of the participants (10 cases, 12 controls, mean age 69 years) were randomly invited to undergo the same clamp procedures to challenge working memory, using 1-, 2-, and 3-back, while monitoring brain activity by blood oxygen level\u2013dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The participants with type 2 diabetes had reduced working memory during the 1- and 2-back tests. fMRI during placebo clamp revealed increased BOLD signal in the left lateral frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex as a function of working memory load in both groups (3&gt;2&gt;1). During hyperglycaemia, controls showed a similar load-dependent fMRI response, whereas the type 2 diabetes group showed decreased BOLD response from 2- to 3-back. These results suggest that impaired glucose metabolism in the brain affects working memory, possibly by reducing activity in important frontal brain areas in persons with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1616160488000},"page":"e0247753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Acute hyperglycaemia leads to altered frontal lobe brain activity and reduced working memory in type 2 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