{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:40:57Z","timestamp":1770835257737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>infection does not belong to the spectrum of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLHIV). To evaluate the<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>infection prevalence rate trends in HIV co-infected individuals in comparison to the HIV-negative population, we compared histopathological findings of<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>positive gastritis (gastritis topography and histopathology) between 303 PLHIV and 2642 HIV-negative patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) between 1993 and 2014 due to dyspeptic symptoms. The prevalence of<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>infection was significantly higher in HIV-negative controls than in PLHIV (50.2% vs. 28.1%). A significantly positive linear trend of<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>co-infection in PLHIV was revealed in the observed period (b = 0.030, SE = 0.011, p = 0.013), while this trend was significantly negative in HIV-negative patients (b = - 0.027, SE = 0.003, p &lt; 0.001). Patients with HIV\/<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>co-infection had significantly higher CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell counts and more often had undetectable HIV viremia, due to successful anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Stomach histopathological findings differed between HIV co-infected and<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>mono-infected patients. Our findings confirm that the ART has changed the progression of HIV infection, leading to a significant increase in the prevalence of<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>infection in dyspeptic PLHIV over time. Our data also suggests that a functional immune system may be needed for<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>-induced human gastric mucosa inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T18:39:07Z","timestamp":1615401547000},"page":"e0248041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection rates in dyspeptic Serbian HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-negative controls"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Aleksandra Radovanovic","family":"Spurnic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Bukumiric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djordje","family":"Jevtovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Branko","family":"Brmbolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatijana","family":"Pekmezovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"Salemovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Pesic 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