{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T05:28:09Z","timestamp":1781587689074,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI104488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI104488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR\/RR-TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection are a deadly combination. While evidence on the effects of HIV co-infection on MDR\/RR-TB treatment outcomes is well-documented, little published evidence describes the effects of MDR\/RR-TB treatment on HIV disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a review of literature published prior to June 2020. We searched Pubmed, CINAHL, and EMBASE using variations of the terms \u201cmultidrug-resistant tuberculosis,\u201d \u201cHIV,\u201d and either \u201cCD4\u201d or \u201cviral load.\u201d Two reviewers independently completed title and abstract screening, full-text screening, article evaluation, and data extraction. We also included five published articles evaluated as evidence by the World Health Organization (WHO) in preparation for the 2019 MDR\/RR-TB treatment guideline update.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 459 references were returned, with 362 remaining after duplicate removal. Following article screening, six manuscripts were included. Articles reported CD4 count and\/or viral load results for MDR\/RR-TB and HIV co-infected patients during and\/or after MDR\/RR-TB treatment. The additional five references identified from the WHO guideline revision did not report HIV disease indicators after MDR\/RR-TB initiation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is a paucity of evidence on HIV disease indicators following MDR\/RR-TB treatment. Researchers should report longitudinal HIV disease indicators in co-infected patients in publications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T18:34:03Z","timestamp":1614969243000},"page":"e0248174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effects of MDR\/RR-TB treatment on HIV disease: A systematic review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8834-1795","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keri","family":"Geiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7469-4012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul D.","family":"Stamper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason E.","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248174.ref001","volume-title":"Tuberculosis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00191-13","article-title":"Model-based estimates of the effects of efavirenz on bedaquiline: Pharmacokinetics and suggested dose adjustments for patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis","volume":"57","author":"E Svensson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Ch"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30035-9","article-title":"Antiretroviral switching and bedaquiline treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis HIV co-infection","volume":"6","author":"M O\u2019Donnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref004","volume-title":"WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref005","volume-title":"Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.00758.x","article-title":"Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: A comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"L Aaron","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infec"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047370","article-title":"Use of anti-retroviral therapy in tuberculosis patients on second-line anti-TB regimens: A systematic review","volume":"7","author":"M Arentz","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0123","article-title":"Treatment outcomes for HIV and MDR-TB co-infected adults and children: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"P Isaakidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung D"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4317-4","article-title":"Treatment outcomes and antiretroviral uptake in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients in Sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"ED Chem","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193491","article-title":"Outcomes of HIV-infected versus HIV-non-infected patients treated for drug-resistance tuberculosis: Multicenter cohort study","volume":"13","author":"M Bastard","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046943","article-title":"Outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy for HIV co-infected patients in Lesotho","volume":"7","author":"H Satti","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref012","unstructured":"Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia. 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Results from the compassionate use of bedaquiline in Armenia and Georgia","volume":"22","author":"C Hewison","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601799","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01799-2016","article-title":"Long-term outcome and safety of prolonged bedaquiline treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"49","author":"L Guglielmetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01891-2015","article-title":"Bedaquiline in the treatment of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"47","author":"AS Pym","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30309-3","article-title":"Long-term all-cause mortality in people treated for tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"K Romanowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0248174.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0809","article-title":"Functional impact of sequelae in drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"24","author":"M Mu\u00f1oz-Torrico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2019.02.039","article-title":"Pulmonary function and respiratory health after successful treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis","volume":"82","author":"SA Vashakidze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0248174.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_269_16","article-title":"Sequelae of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at the completion of treatment","volume":"35","author":"R Singla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref031","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: Recommendations for a public health approach","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref032","volume-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: Recommendations for a public health approach","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0248174.ref033","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 and antiretroviral therapies: South Africa\u2019s charge towards 90-90-90 in the midst of a second pandemic","volume":"30","author":"AS Mendelsohn","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T18:34:49Z","timestamp":1614969289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248174"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Schnippel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248174","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]}}}