{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:22:15Z","timestamp":1758892935972,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Community medicine","award":["grant agreement 4025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant agreement 4025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Food hypersensitivity (FH) has received considerable attention in the scientific community in recent years. However, little attention has been given to the efforts people make to manage their FH. We aimed to explore these efforts by using Normalization Process Theory, which is a conceptual framework formerly used to describe the self-management \u2018work\u2019 of long-term conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We carried out qualitative individual interviews with 16 women with FH. Transcripts from recorded interviews were analyzed using template analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>16 women participated; some had diagnoses from conventional medicine (celiac disease, lactose intolerance, food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome) and some did not. Participants described carrying out several tasks, some of which were time-consuming, to manage their FH. Women who had clarified once and for all what food(s) caused symptoms, described that they could concentrate on carrying out a restricted diet, which could become routine. Conversely, participants who had not achieved such clarification described carrying out tasks to identify what food(s) caused symptoms, and to implement and evaluate a tentative diet. Participants\u2019 descriptions also revealed a heightened vigilance when they ate food that others had prepared, and some made efforts to conceal their FH.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Self-management of FH may, like the self-management of other long-term conditions, imply a large workload and burden of treatment. Efforts made to conceal FH may be considered part of this workload, while help in clarifying which food(s) cause symptoms has the potential to reduce the workload.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T18:43:54Z","timestamp":1614969834000},"page":"e0248181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The self-management work of food hypersensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8334-8488","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monika Dybdahl","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aud","family":"Obstfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonje","family":"Braaten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Abelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248181.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.t01-1-00001.x","article-title":"A revised nomenclature for allergy: An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force","volume":"56","author":"SGO Johansson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459308341433","article-title":"Food allergy and food intolerance: towards a sociological agenda","volume":"13","author":"S Nettleton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0168653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168653","article-title":"Self-Reported Food Hypersensitivity: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Comorbidities in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study","volume":"11","author":"MD Jakobsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.05.026","article-title":"The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis","volume":"120","author":"RJ Rona","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.10.040","article-title":"Fructan, Rather Than Gluten, Induces Symptoms in Patients With Self-reported Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity","volume":"154","author":"GI Skodje","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12495","article-title":"Comparison of nutrient intake in adolescents and adults with and without food allergies","volume":"31","author":"K Maslin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of human nutrition and dietetics: the official journal of the British Dietetic Association"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00938.x","article-title":"Teenagers\u2019 experiences of living with food hypersensitivity: a qualitative study","volume":"21","author":"H MacKenzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13072","article-title":"Eating out with a food allergy in the UK: Change in the eating out practices of consumers with food allergy following introduction of allergen information legislation","volume":"48","author":"FM Begen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"pone.0248181.ref009","unstructured":"Strinnholm \u00c5. 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