{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:28:03Z","timestamp":1787167683823,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Junta de Andaluc\u00eda, grupo PAIDI, BIO-272"},{"name":"Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emotional stability-Neuroticism is a complex construct influenced by genetics and environmental factors. Women tend to exhibit higher neuroticism scores than men, which may be associated with an increased risk of suffering from some common mental conditions. Some authors have pointed out the influence of sex hormones, since they induce sexual differentiation of the brain that can lead to sex-specific behaviors. 2D:4D digit ratio is commonly used as a marker of prenatal sex hormones. In this study we analyzed whether there was an association between 2D:4D and personality measured through the BFQ in a homogeneous sample of 101 young women college students. We found a positive association between 2D:4D and emotional stability, as well as with its subdimensions emotion control and impulse control. This association could be quadratic and nonlinear. However, no association was found with the other four dimensions. We also measured anxiety, depression and global life satisfaction, variables related to neuroticism. We observed that emotional stability is positively associated to social desirability and global life satisfaction, and negatively related to anxiety and depression. On the other hand, we did not find any association between 2D:4D and anxiety, depression, and global life satisfaction. These results can be linked to other aspects such as subjective well-being and psychopathological symptoms. This study may help to better understand how these constructs are related and could lead to future projects to elucidated how these variables influence personality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T13:29:17Z","timestamp":1615296557000},"page":"e0248368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Emotional stability is related to 2D:4D and social desirability in women: Possible implications on subjective well-being and psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-9783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Moriana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Garc\u00eda-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ruiz-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248368.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.2\/ttrull","article-title":"Dimensional models of personality: The five-factor model and the DSM-5.","volume":"15","author":"TJ Trull","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020327","article-title":"Linking \u201cBig\u201d personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis.","volume":"136","author":"R Kotov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00938","article-title":"What Does Personality Mean in the Context of Mental Health? A Topic Modeling Approach Based on Abstracts Published in Pubmed Over the Last 5 Years.","volume":"10","author":"R Sperandeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20658","article-title":"The Five Factor Model of personality structure: an update","volume":"18","author":"TA Widiger","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.2.322","article-title":"Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings.","volume":"81","author":"PT Costa","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00178","article-title":"Gender Differences in Personality across the Ten Aspects of the Big Five.","volume":"2","author":"YJ Weisberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01376","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1376","article-title":"Emotional stability is associated with the MAOA promoter uVNTR polymorphism in women","volume":"9","author":"\u00c1 Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Ramos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref008","first-page":"261","article-title":"Personality Traits and Social Desirability as Predictors of Subjective Well-being.","volume":"20","author":"A Braj\u0161a-\u017dganec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Top."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021717","article-title":"Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample.","volume":"100","author":"CJ Soto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2003.12.024","article-title":"Gender differences in depression: The role of personality factors.","volume":"126","author":"RD Goodwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024780","article-title":"An invariant dimensional liability model of gender differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample.","volume":"121","author":"NR Eaton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30348-0","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in mental disorders.","volume":"4","author":"A Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1268-2","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal hormone effects on the human brain and cognition","author":"B Auyeung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/00243639.2016.1211863","article-title":"Influence of sex steroid hormones on the adolescent brain and behavior: An update","volume":"83","author":"P Vigil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Linacre Q"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2011.03.001","article-title":"Sexual differentiation of human behavior: Effects of prenatal and pubertal organizational hormones","author":"SA Berenbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2018_56","article-title":"Sexual Differentiation and Sex Differences in Neural Development.","author":"A Turano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current topics in behavioral neurosciences"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref017","article-title":"Shaping of the female human brain by sex hormones\u2013a review","author":"E Rehbein","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1197-x","article-title":"Estrogen- and progesterone-mediated structural neuroplasticity in women: evidence from neuroimaging","author":"E Catenaccio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Structure and Function"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00009","article-title":"Digit Ratio (2D:4D): A Biomarker for Prenatal Sex Steroids and Adult Sex Steroids in Challenge Situations.","volume":"5","author":"JT Manning","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1632862.431","article-title":"Why is digit ratio correlated to sports performance?","volume":"12","author":"TB Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23212","article-title":"Heritability estimation of 2D:4D finger ratio in a Chuvashian population-based sample.","volume":"31","author":"L Kalichman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(03)00052-7","article-title":"The second to fourth digit ratio and variation in the androgen receptor gene","volume":"24","author":"JT Manning","year":"2003","journal-title":"Evol Hum Behav"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24502","article-title":"Revisiting the relationships of 2D:4D with androgen receptor (AR) gene and current testosterone levels: Replication study and meta-analyses.","volume":"98","author":"K Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy121","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies nine novel loci for 2D:4D finger ratio, a putative retrospective biomarker of testosterone exposure in utero","volume":"27","author":"NM Warrington","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.09.003","article-title":"Are there any \u201cdirect\u201d human studies of digit ratio (2D:4D) and measures of prenatal sex hormones?","volume":"113","author":"JT Manning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.10.022","article-title":"Interpreting digit ratio (2D:4D)-behavior correlations: 2D:4D sex difference, stability, and behavioral correlates and their replicability in young children.","volume":"78","author":"WI Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref027","first-page":"284","article-title":"A comprehensive allometric analysis of 2nd digit length to 4th digit length in humans.","author":"L Lolli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings Biol Sci."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.09.018","article-title":"Second to fourth digit ratio and the \u2018big five\u2019 personality factors.","volume":"37","author":"B Fink","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00811","article-title":"The 2D:4D-Ratio and Neuroticism Revisited: Empirical Evidence from Germany and China.","volume":"7","author":"C Sindermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-013-9170-9","article-title":"Effect of Prenatal Androgen on Adult Personality: Greater Openness with More Female-Typical 2D:4D Digit Ratios.","volume":"32","author":"LA Burton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref031","first-page":"110","article-title":"2d: 4d, Big Fives and Aggression in Young Men of Caucasian, Ural and Asian Origin.","volume":"18","author":"V Rostovtseva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Evol Hist."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.03.016","article-title":"Second-to-fourth digit ratio related to Verbal and Numerical Intelligence and the Big Five.","volume":"39","author":"MF Luxen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.02.004","article-title":"Finger lengths, 2D:4D ratios, and their relation to gender-related personality traits and the Big Five.","volume":"71","author":"RA Lippa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67882-x","article-title":"Depression, neuroticism and 2D:4D ratio: evidence from a large, representative sample.","volume":"10","author":"LM Lautenbacher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21186","article-title":"Is low digit ratio linked with late menarche? Evidence from the BBC internet study","volume":"23","author":"JT Manning","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref036","first-page":"39","article-title":"Digit ratio, personality and emotions in skydivers.","volume":"10","author":"S Massimino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Reports"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref037","article-title":"Risk-taking behavior, the second-to-fourth digit ratio and psychological features in a sample of cavers.","volume":"2019","author":"S Rinella","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23331","article-title":"Association between second to fourth digit ratio and personality among Indian men","volume":"32","author":"BS Bagepally","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00002-8","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of the associations between personality, cognitive ability and digit ratio.","volume":"33","author":"EJ Austin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/per.664","article-title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D) and Cattell\u2019s personality traits.","volume":"22","author":"J Lindov\u00e1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pers"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref041","first-page":"420","article-title":"A study on correlation between 2D:4D with personality traits among young adult women","volume":"4","author":"U Barman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Physiol Nutr Phys Educ"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.01.016","article-title":"The effect of prenatal androgen exposure on the development of neural reactivity systems: A study of the HEXACO Personality Inventory","volume":"55","author":"AZ Shaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.07.024","article-title":"The 2nd to 4th digit ratio (2D:4D) and eating disorder diagnosis in women.","volume":"51","author":"SJ Quinton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9260-6","article-title":"Anxiety, Sex-Linked Behaviors, and Digit Ratios (2D:4D).","volume":"38","author":"M Evardone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.06.039","article-title":"2D:4D digit ratio predicts depression severity for females but not for males","volume":"70","author":"KD Smedley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1815-7","article-title":"Cross-national gender variations of digit ratio (2D:4D) correlate with life expectancy, suicide rate, and other causes of death.","volume":"125","author":"B Lenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref047","volume-title":"BFQ. Cuestionario Big Five","author":"GV Caprara","year":"1995"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref048","article-title":"The \u201cbig five questionnaire\u201d: A new questionnaire to assess the five factor model.","author":"GV Caprara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref049","article-title":"Propiedades Psicom\u00e9tricas del \u201cCuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo\u201d (STAI) en Universitarios.","author":"E Fonseca-Pedrero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav Psychol Psicol Conduct"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref050","article-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola del inventario para la depresi\u00f3n de Beck-II (BDI-II): propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas en poblaci\u00f3n general.","author":"J Sanz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cl\u00edn salud."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2013.82","article-title":"Satisfaction with life scale in a representative sample of Spanish adults: Validation and normative data.","volume":"16","author":"C V\u00e1zquez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Span J Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref052","volume-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"CD Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref053","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The Satisfaction With Life Scale.","volume":"49","author":"E Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089800","article-title":"Myopia and digit ratio in medical college students.","volume":"9","author":"M Krishnakumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research.","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118339893.wbeccp518","volume-title":"Subjective Wellbeing. The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology.","author":"W Tov","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.1.138","article-title":"Refining the Relationship Between Personality and Subjective Well-Being.","volume":"134","author":"P Steel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206002118","article-title":"Differences in finger length ratio between males with autism, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, ADHD, and anxiety disorders.","volume":"48","author":"EI De Bruin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(99)00006-9","article-title":"Fluctuating Asymmetry, Relative Digit Length, and Depression in Men.","volume":"20","author":"SM Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evol Hum Behav"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.12.017","article-title":"Depression in men is associated with more feminine finger length ratios.","volume":"39","author":"AA Bailey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.01.031","article-title":"2D:4D and individual satisfaction: Evidence from the Russian social survey.","volume":"142","author":"JVC Nye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9698-9","article-title":"Short- and long-term relationship orientation and 2D:4D finger-length ratio.","volume":"40","author":"S Schwarz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.08.001","article-title":"Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with traffic violations for male frequent car drivers.","volume":"42","author":"A Schwerdtfeger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavrakas P. Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, California; 2008. doi: 10.4135\/9781412963947","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412963947"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-017-0548-2","article-title":"Individual differences in social desirability are associated with white-matter microstructure of the external capsule.","volume":"17","author":"M Andrejevi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610369465","article-title":"Rethinking social desirability scales: From impression management to interpersonally oriented self-control.","author":"L. Uziel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2466\/02.07.13.15.PR0.107.4.185-192","article-title":"Association between alexithymia, neuroticism, and social desirability scores among Italian graduate students.","volume":"107","author":"A Messina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.146","article-title":"Structure and diagnosis of adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: Analysis of expanded symptom criteria from the adult ADHD clinical diagnostic scale","volume":"67","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.007","article-title":"Emotional dysregulation is a primary symptom in adult Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","volume":"232","author":"O Hirsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182a5bf33","article-title":"Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and five-factor model traits in a clinical sample: A structural equation modeling approach.","volume":"201","author":"LE Knouse","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.08.037","article-title":"Five factor model personality traits relate to adult attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder but not to their distinct neurocognitive profiles.","volume":"258","author":"FE Van Dijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.08.002","article-title":"Prenatal testosterone and preschool Disruptive Behavior Disorders.","volume":"55","author":"BA Roberts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.010","article-title":"The Adolescent Brain","volume":"1124","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-008-9269-x","article-title":"Temperament pathways to childhood disruptive behavior and adolescent substance abuse: testing a cascade model.","volume":"37","author":"MM Martel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9263-3","article-title":"On the Relation Between 2D:4D and Sex-Dimorphic Personality Traits.","volume":"37","author":"E Hampson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.03.010","article-title":"Relationships between digit ratio 2D:4D and self-reported aggression and risk taking in an online study.","volume":"51","author":"J. H\u00f6nekopp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-017-9598-4","article-title":"2D:4D, Optimism, and Risk Taking.","volume":"38","author":"E. Barel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180642","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0642","article-title":"Associations between neurochemical receptor genes, 2D:4D, impulsivity and relationship quality.","volume":"14","author":"E Pearce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Lett."},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1071\/RD09190","article-title":"Association of AR rs6152G\/A gene polymorphism with susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women","volume":"22","author":"CY Peng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.08.007","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome, personality, and depression: A twin study.","volume":"85","author":"CE Cesta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"pone.0248368.ref082","article-title":"A Study of the androgen receptor gene polymorphism and the level of expression of the androgen receptor in androgenetic alopecia among Egyptians.","author":"HS Kassem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ramly MA El.J Med Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T13:30:50Z","timestamp":1615296650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248368"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Goran","family":"Knezevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248368","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]}}}