{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T05:08:49Z","timestamp":1790312929120,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"research grant from Chungcheongbuk-do, the Chungbuk-type Biohealth Industry's Big Data Platform project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Systemic rheumatic disease is characterized by autoimmunity and systemic inflammation and affects multiple organs. Few studies have investigated whether autoimmune diseases increase the risk of dementia. Herein, we evaluate the relationship between systemic rheumatic disease and dementia through a population-based study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims database.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a nationwide population-based study using the Korean NHIS database, consisting of individuals who submitted medical claims from 2002\u20132013. Dementia was defined as having an acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) prescription along with symptoms satisfying the Alzhemier\u2019s disease (AD) International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes (F00 or G30), or vascular dementia (VaD; ICD-10 or F01) criteria. Control subjects were matched to the dementia patients by age and sex. The study group was limited to those diagnosed with rheumatic disease at least 6 months prior to diagnosis of dementia. Rheumatic disease was defined by the following ICD-10 codes: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA: M05), Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS: M35), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE: M32), and Behcet\u2019s disease (BD: M35.2).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of the 6,028 dementia patients, 261 (4.3%) had RA, 108 (1.6%) had SS, 12 (0.2%) had SLE, and 6 (0.1%) had BD. SLE history was significantly higher in dementia patients (0.2%) than in controls (0.1%) and was associated with dementia (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19\u20135.15). In subgroup analysis, SLE significantly increased dementia risk, regardless of dementia type (AD: OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.06\u20134.91; VaD: OR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.36\u201315.14). However, these associations were not sustained in the mild CCI or elderly group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>SLE was independently associated with a higher risk of dementia, including AD and VaD when compared to the control group, even after adjustment. SLE patients (&lt;65 years old) are a high-risk group for early vascular dementia and require screening for early detection and active prevention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T18:29:21Z","timestamp":1615573761000},"page":"e0248395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between dementia and systemic rheumatic disease: A nationwide population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hyemi","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-hyuk","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolormaa","family":"Ochirpurev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Yong","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In Ah","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5358-4578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gawon","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-347X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ji Hyoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248395.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt143","article-title":"Dementia: a global health priority-highlights from an ADI and World Health Organization report","volume":"4","author":"M Wortmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alzhemiers Res Ther"},{"key":"pone.0248395.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000086680","article-title":"Mortality in dementia","volume":"25","author":"U Guehne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0248395.ref003","unstructured":"Population Projections: general and processed statistics, statistics on population. 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