{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:45:53Z","timestamp":1778946353695,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003323","name":"Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les H\u00e9patites Virales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANRS 12140 and 12225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRS 12140 and 12225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the virological failure (VF) and drug resistance among treated HIV-infected children after five years follow-up in the ANRS-Pediacam cohort in Cameroon.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From November 2007 to October 2011, HIV-infected children born to HIV-infected mothers were included in the ANRS-PEDIACAM study and followed-up for more than 5 years. Plasma viral load (VL) was measured at each visit (every three months until month 24 and every 6 months thereafter). VF was the main outcome and HIV drug resistance test was performed using the ANRS procedures and algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data from 155 children were analyzed. The median age at combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation was 4.2 months (interquartile range (IQR): 3.2\u20135.8), with 103 (66.5%) children taking LPV\/r-containing regimen and 51 (32.9%) children taking NVP. After five years follow-up, 63 (40.6%; CI: 32.9\u201348.8) children experienced VF. The median duration between cART initiation and VF was 22.1 months (IQR: 11.9\u201337.1) with a median VL of 4.8 log10 (IQR: 4.0\u20135.5). Among the 57 children with HIV drug resistance results, 40 (70.2%) had at least one drug resistance mutation. The highest resistance rates (30.4\u201366.1%) were obtained with Lamivudine; Efavirenz; Nevirapine and Rilpivirine.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results show high resistance to NNRTI and emphasize the need of VL and resistance tests for optimal follow-up of HIV-infected people especially children.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T18:01:57Z","timestamp":1616090517000},"page":"e0248642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Virological failure and antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected children after five years follow-up in the ANRS 12225-PEDIACAM cohort in Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-5128","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul Alain","family":"Tagnouokam-Ngoupo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida Calixte","family":"Penda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jules Brice","family":"Tchatchueng Mbougua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzie","family":"Tetang Ndiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Yuya Septoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeladine","family":"Kenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannine Eboumbou","family":"Ngall\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorel","family":"Jakpou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Ateba Ndongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josiane","family":"Warszawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1420-9628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mathurin Cyrille","family":"Tejiokem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The ANRS-Pediacam Study 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Penazzato","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV drug resistance surveillance in children less than 18 months old newly diagnosed with HIV: results from Swaziland and Zimbabwe"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0248642.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001446","article-title":"Persistence of HIV drug resistance among South African children given nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child-transmission","volume":"31","author":"R Kanthula","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T18:02:24Z","timestamp":1616090544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248642"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Blackard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248642","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]}}}