{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:13:28Z","timestamp":1791918808013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-76-00032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-76-00032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0424\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-34-20060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-34-20060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gut physiology and the bacterial community play crucial roles in insect susceptibility to infections and insecticides. Interactions among Colorado potato beetle <jats:italic>Leptinotarsa decemlineata<\/jats:italic> (Say), its bacterial associates, pathogens and xenobiotics have been insufficiently studied. In this paper, we present our study of the survival, midgut histopathology, activity of digestive enzymes and bacterial communities of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>decemlineata<\/jats:italic> larvae under the influence of <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>tenebrionis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>morrissoni<\/jats:italic>) (<jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic>), a natural complex of avermectins and a combination of both agents. Moreover, we estimated the impact of culturable enterobacteria on the susceptibility of the larvae to <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic> and avermectins. An additive effect between <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic> and avermectins was established regarding the mortality of the larvae. Both agents led to the destruction of midgut tissues, a decrease in the activity of alpha-amylases and alkaline proteinases, a decrease in the <jats:italic>Spiroplasma leptinotarsae<\/jats:italic> relative abundance and a strong elevation of Enterobacteriaceae abundance in the midgut. Moreover, an elevation of the enterobacterial CFU count was observed under the influence of <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic> and avermectins, and the greatest enhancement was observed after combined treatment. Insects pretreated with antibiotics were less susceptible to <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic> and avermectins, but reintroduction of the predominant enterobacteria <jats:italic>Enterobacter ludwigii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic> increased susceptibility to both agents. We suggest that enterobacteria play an important role in the acceleration of <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic> infection and avermectin toxicoses in <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>decemlineata<\/jats:italic> and that the additive effect between <jats:italic>Bt<\/jats:italic> and avermectin may be mediated by alterations in the bacterial community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T17:39:01Z","timestamp":1616607541000},"page":"e0248704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis and avermectins on gut physiology and microbiota in Colorado potato beetle: Impact of enterobacteria on susceptibility to insecticides"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-3217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Polenogova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yury A.","family":"Noskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3575-7164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olga N.","family":"Yaroslavtseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya A.","family":"Kryukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Alikina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana N.","family":"Klementeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jelizaveta","family":"Andrejeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor P.","family":"Khodyrev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsel R.","family":"Kabilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim Yu","family":"Kryukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor V.","family":"Glupov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248704.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-386895-4.00019-3","volume-title":"Insect Pests of Potato: Global Perspectives on Biology and Management","author":"AY Alyokhin","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0248704.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s12230-008-9052-0","article-title":"Colorado potato beetle resistance to insecticides","volume":"85","author":"A Alyokhin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Potato Res"},{"key":"pone.0248704.ref003","first-page":"89","article-title":"Plant essences as tool for management of Colorado potato beetle","volume":"5","author":"J Skuhrovec","year":"2015","journal-title":"Uroda"},{"key":"pone.0248704.ref004","first-page":"590","volume-title":"Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture and environment","author":"A Singh","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0248704.ref005","first-page":"e127","article-title":"Biopesticide: An environment friendly pest management strategy","volume":"6","author":"S. 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