{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:06:49Z","timestamp":1761491209732,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Healgen Scientific"},{"name":"Access Bio Inc"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["COVID 19 Innovation Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID 19 Innovation Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As COVID-19 vaccines become available, screening individuals for prior COVID-19 infection and vaccine response in point-of-care (POC) settings has renewed interest. We prospectively screened at-risk individuals for SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein antibodies in a POC setting to determine if it was a feasible method to identify antibody from prior infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three EUA-approved lateral flow antibody assays were performed on POC finger-stick blood and compared with serum and a CLIA nucleocapsid antibody immunoassay. Variables including antibody class, time since PCR, and the assay antigen used were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>512 subjects enrolled, of which 104 had a COVID-19 history and positive PCR. Only three PCR-positive subjects required hospitalization, with one requiring mechanical ventilation. The POC results correlated well with the immunoassay (93\u201397% sensitivity) and using serum did not improve the sensitivity or specificity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Finger-stick, POC COVID-19 antibody testing was highly effective in identifying antibody resulting from prior infections in mildly symptomatic subjects. Using high-complexity serum immunoassays did not improve the screening outcome. Almost all individuals with COVID-19 infection produced detectable antibodies to the virus. POC antibody testing is useful as a screen for prior COVID-19 infection, and should be useful in assessing vaccine response.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T17:45:28Z","timestamp":1615916728000},"page":"e0248729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Accurate point-of-care serology tests for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5656-7418","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles F.","family":"Schuler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gherasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Manthei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Giacherio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1183-8330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Troost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248729.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard 2021 [updated 2\/24\/2021]. Available from: https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/table."},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00404-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The most important research questions","volume":"10","author":"KS Yuen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref003","article-title":"Accuracy of serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: first results of a large mixed-method evaluation study","author":"D Brigger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref004","article-title":"Effectiveness of tests to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, to inform COVID-19 diagnosis: a rapid systematic review","author":"D Jarrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00569","article-title":"The Rapid Coronavirus Antibody Test: Can We Improve Accuracy?","volume":"7","author":"IP Pavlova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0248729.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008817","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008817","article-title":"Comparative assessment of multiple COVID-19 serological technologies supports continued evaluation of point-of-care lateral flow assays in hospital and community healthcare settings","volume":"16","author":"S Pickering","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0248729.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2032195","article-title":"Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination","volume":"384","author":"AT Widge","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref008","unstructured":"USFDA. 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UK authorises Pfizer\/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine [webpage]. www.gov.uk: United Kingdom; 2020 [updated 12\/2\/2020]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/uk-authorises-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine."},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0248729.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00434-6","article-title":"Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies","volume":"20","author":"M Jeyanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0248729.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00451-5","article-title":"COVID-19 herd immunity: where are we?","volume":"20","author":"A Fontanet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01441","article-title":"Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"LF Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref017","article-title":"Differences of SARS-CoV-2 serological test performance between hospitalized and outpatient COVID-19 cases","author":"J Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref018","article-title":"The dynamics of immune response in COVID-19 patients with different illness severity","author":"B Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref019","article-title":"Evaluation of three immunochromatographic tests for rapid detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2","author":"GV Guedez-Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0248729.ref020","article-title":"Antibody Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers","author":"SF Lumley","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248729","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T17:45:54Z","timestamp":1615916754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248729"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Ley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248729","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}}}