{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:30:21Z","timestamp":1791923421320,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of extracardiac anomalies (ECA) in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases (CHD), and to provide more information for counseling of women with prenatally diagnosed fetal CHD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of 791 cases of fetal CHD diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound from January 2005 to April 2018. Associated ECAs included extracardiac structural malformation (ECM), chromosomal anomaly, and 22q11.2 microdeletion. CHD was classified into 10 groups according to a modified anatomic and clinical classification of congenital heart defects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The overall prevalence of ECA in our CHD cohort was 28.6% (226\/791): ECM, 25.3%; chromosomal anomaly, 11.7%; and 22q11.2 microdeletion, 5.5%. For those with ECM, ventricular septal defect (VSD) had the highest prevalence (34.5%), followed by anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves (28.8%) and heterotaxy (26.9%). For those with chromosomal anomaly, anomalies of atrioventricular junctions and valves had the highest prevalence (37.5%), followed by anomalies of atria and interatrial communications (25.0%) and VSD (22.9%). 22q11.2 microdeletion was detected only in those with anomalies of extrapericardial arterial trunks (14.3%) or ventricular outflow tracts (6.4%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>ECM, chromosomal anomaly, and 22q11.2 microdeletion have different prevalence according to the type of CHD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T18:00:09Z","timestamp":1616090409000},"page":"e0248894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of associated extracardiac anomalies in prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0169-2008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chi-Son","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sir-yeon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo-yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoo-min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hee","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Joo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-young","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheong-Rae","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyoung","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Seok","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0248894.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.82.1.34","article-title":"Spectrum of congenital heart defects and extracardiac malformations associated with chromosomal abnormalities: results of a seven year necropsy study","volume":"82","author":"C Tennstedt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"pone.0248894.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0922-6","article-title":"Prevalence of associated extracardiac malformations in the congenital heart disease population","volume":"35","author":"A Egbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0248894.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00381.x","article-title":"Congenital heart defects\u2014chromosomal anomalies, syndromes and extracardiac malformations","volume":"96","author":"A Meberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"pone.0248894.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113979","article-title":"Congenital heart disease: prevalence at livebirth. 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