{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T14:49:41Z","timestamp":1751899781278,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["Grant Number JP19H03877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Number JP19H03877"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tracheal suctioning is an important procedure to maintain airway patency by removing secretions. Today, suctioning operators include not only medical staff, but also family caregivers. The use of a simulation system has been noted to be the most effective way to learn the tracheal suctioning technique for operators. While the size of the trachea varies across different age groups, the artificial trachea model in the simulation system has only one fixed model. Thus, this study aimed to construct multiple removable trachea models according to different age groups. We enrolled 20 patients who had previously received proton beam therapy in our institution and acquired the treatment planning computed tomography (CT) image data. To construct the artificial trachea model for three age groups (children, adolescents and young adults, and adults), we analyzed the three-dimensional coordinates of the entire trachea, tracheal carina, and the end of the main bronchus. We also analyzed the diameter of the trachea and main bronchus. Finally, we evaluated the accuracy of the model by analyzing the difference between the constructed model and actual measurements. The trachea model was 8 cm long for children and 12 cm for adolescents and young adults, and for adults. The angle between the trachea and bed was about 20 degrees, regardless of age. The mean model accuracy was less than 0.4 cm. We constructed detachable artificial trachea models for three age groups for implementation in the endotracheal suctioning training environment simulator (ESTE-SIM) based on the treatment planning CT image. Our constructed artificial trachea models will be able to provide a simulation environment for various age groups in the ESTE-SIM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]],"date-time":"2021-03-29T17:29:08Z","timestamp":1617038948000},"page":"e0249010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Construction of a detachable artificial trachea model for three age groups for use in an endotracheal suctioning training environment simulator"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6663-4335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takaaki","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriyo","family":"Colley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Komizunai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249010.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/1367493517746770","article-title":"Experiences with unregulated respite care among family caregivers of children dependent on respiratory technologies","volume":"22","author":"K Keilty","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Child Health Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249010.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201708-663OC","article-title":"Transitions to Home Mechanical Ventilation: The Experiences of Canadian Ventilator-Assisted Adults and Their Family Caregivers","volume":"15","author":"CM Dale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249010.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei282","article-title":"Tracheo-innominate artery fistula after percutaneous tracheostomy: three case reports and a clinical review","volume":"96","author":"CA Grant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249010.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.08.006","article-title":"Two cases of tracheoinnominate artery fistula following tracheostomy treated successfully by endovascular embolization of the innominate artery","volume":"55","author":"S Hamaguchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249010.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2018.02.012","article-title":"Tracheotomy in the intensive care unit: Guidelines from a French expert panel: The French Intensive Care Society and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"37","author":"JL Trouillet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0249010.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.06.008","article-title":"The Nursing Home Pneumonia Risk Index: A Simple, Valid MDS-Based Method of Identifying 6-Month Risk for Pneumonia and Mortality","volume":"18","author":"PD Sloane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0249010.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199858064.001.0001","volume-title":"Chest Imaging","author":"MR de Christensen","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0249010.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colley N, Komizunai S, Ninomiya S, Asaka T, Mani H, Takizawa H, et al., editors. 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