{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:46:13Z","timestamp":1780317973411,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000349","name":"National Institute for Academic Anaesthesia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Difficult Airway Society Small Project Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Difficult Airway Society Small Project Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mersey School of Anaesthesia","award":["Charity Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Charity Award"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The time-critical \u2018can\u2019t intubate, can\u2019t oxygenate\u2019 [CICO] emergency post-induction of anaesthesia is rare, but one which, should it occur, requires Anaesthetists to perform rapid emergency front of neck access [FONA] to the trachea, restoring oxygenation, and preventing death or brain hypoxia. The UK Difficult Airway Society [DAS] has directed all Anaesthetists to be trained with surgical cricothyroidotomy [SCT] as the primary emergency FONA method, sometimes referred to as \u2018Cric\u2019 as a shorthand. We present a longitudinal analysis using a classical approach to Grounded Theory methodology of ten Specialist Trainee Anaesthetists\u2019 data during a 6-month training programme delivered jointly by Anaesthetists and Surgeons. We identified with a critical realist ontology and an objectivist epistemology meaning data interpretation was driven by participants\u2019 narratives and accepted as true accounts of their experience. Our theory comprises three themes: \u2018Identity as an Anaesthetist\u2019; \u2018The Role of a Temporary Surgeon\u2019; and \u2018Training to Reconcile Identities\u2019, whereby training facilitated the psychological transition from a \u2018bloodless Doctor\u2019 (Anaesthetist) to becoming a \u2018temporary Surgeon\u2019. The training programme enabled Specialist Trainees to move between the role of control and responsibility (Identity as an Anaesthetist), through self-described \u2018failure\u2019 and into a role of uncertainty about one\u2019s own confidence and competence (The Role of a Temporary Surgeon), and then return to the Anaesthetist\u2019s role once the airway had been established. Understanding the complexity of an intervention and providing a better insight into the training needs of Anaesthetic trainees, via a Grounded Theory approach, allows us to evaluate training programmes against the recognised technical and non-technical needs of those being trained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T17:52:29Z","timestamp":1616521949000},"page":"e0249070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Becoming the temporary surgeon: A grounded theory examination of anaesthetists performing emergency front of neck access in inter-disciplinary simulation-based training"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7177-3471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sergio A.","family":"Silverio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Gauntlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6895-6127","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Berwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6164-2854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon N.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Sandars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Groom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249070.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev371","article-title":"Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults","volume":"115","author":"C. 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