{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:00:18Z","timestamp":1792116018390,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03MD011481"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03MD011481"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA0013328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA0013328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32AA025816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32AA025816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A growing body of literature provides important insights into the meaning and impact of the right to marry a same-sex partner among sexual minority people. We conducted a scoping review to 1) identify and describe the psychosocial impacts of equal marriage rights among sexual minority adults, and 2) explore sexual minority women (SMW) perceptions of equal marriage rights and whether psychosocial impacts differ by sex. Using Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework we reviewed peer-reviewed English-language publications from 2000 through 2019. We searched six databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, JSTOR, and Sociological Abstracts) to identify English language, peer-reviewed journal articles reporting findings from empirical studies with an explicit focus on the experiences and perceived impact of equal marriage rights among sexual minority adults. We found 59 studies that met our inclusion criteria. Studies identified positive psychosocial impacts of same-sex marriage (e.g., increased social acceptance, reduced stigma) across individual, interpersonal (dyad, family), community (sexual minority), and broader societal levels. Studies also found that, despite equal marriage rights, sexual minority stigma persists across these levels. Only a few studies examined differences by sex, and findings were mixed. Research to date has several limitations; for example, it disproportionately represents samples from the U.S. and White populations, and rarely examines differences by sexual or gender identity or other demographic characteristics. There is a need for additional research on the impact of equal marriage rights and same-sex marriage on the health and well-being of diverse sexual minorities across the globe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T18:22:14Z","timestamp":1620325334000},"page":"e0249125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Perceived psychosocial impacts of legalized same-sex marriage: A scoping review of sexual minority adults\u2019 experiences"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-610X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Drabble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie R.","family":"Wootton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy B.","family":"Veldhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen D. B.","family":"Riggle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon S.","family":"Rostosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Lannutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly F.","family":"Balsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonda L.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0249125.ref001","volume-title":"Fact Sheet","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0249125.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.12.017","article-title":"Introduction to the special issues on structural stigma and health","volume":"103","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0249125.ref003","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Contemporary perspectives on lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities","author":"Springer","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249125.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414523775","article-title":"Structural stigma and the health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations","volume":"23","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249125.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.168815","article-title":"The impact of institutional discrimination on psychiatric disorders in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: A prospective study","volume":"100","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249125.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069","article-title":"Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities","volume":"103","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0249125.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000068","article-title":"Structural stigma: Research evidence and implications for psychological science","volume":"71","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249125.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000066","article-title":"Societal-level explanations for reductions in sexual orientation mental health disparities: Results from a ten-year, population-based study in Sweden","volume":"3","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stigma and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249125.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1525\/srsp.2006.3.1.33","article-title":"I do, but I can\u2019t: The impact of marriage denial on the mental health and sexual citizenship of lesbians and gay men in the United States","volume":"3","author":"G Herdt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sexuality Research and Social Policy"},{"key":"pone.0249125.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3726\/978-1-4539-1252-2","volume-title":"Experiencing same-sex marriage: Individual, couples, and social networks","author":"PJ Lannutti","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249125.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000375","article-title":"It\u2019s complicated: The impact of marriage legalization among sexual minority women and gender diverse individuals in the United States","volume":"7","author":"LA Drabble","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249125.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407510386136","article-title":"Security, recognition, and misgivings: Exploring older same-sex couples\u2019 experiences of legally recognized same-sex marriage","volume":"28","author":"PJ Lannutti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249125.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12468","article-title":"Status or access? 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