{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:40:44Z","timestamp":1791517244516,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-68003-27464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-68003-27464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a bacterial pathogen with the ability to infect a multitude of hosts including humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. This study used bioinformatic approaches to explore the genomic diversity of 656\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates and epidemiological associations between host factors and specific genotypes. Isolates included in this study originated from a variety of hosts, including poultry, cattle, swine, rabbits, rodents, and humans, from five different continents. Multi-locus sequence typing identified 69 different sequence types.\n                    <jats:italic>In-silico<\/jats:italic>\n                    methodology for determining capsular serogroup was developed, validated, and applied to all genome sequences, whereby capsular serogroups A, B, D, and F were found. Whole genome phylogeny was constructed from 237,670 core single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and demonstrated an overall lack of host or capsular serogroup specificity, with the exception of isolates from bovine sources. Specific SNVs within the\n                    <jats:italic>srlB<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene were identified in\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>septica<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes, representing specific mutations that may be useful for differentiating one of the three known subspecies. Significant associations were identified between capsular serogroup and virulence factors, including capsular serogroup A and OmpH1, OmpH3, PlpE, and PfhB1; capsular serogroup B and HgbA and PtfA; and capsular serogroup F and PtfA and PlpP. Various mobile genetic elements were identified including those similar to ICE\n                    <jats:italic>Pmu<\/jats:italic>\n                    1, ICE\n                    <jats:italic>hin1056<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and IncQ1 plasmids, all of which harbored multiple antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes. Additional analyses were performed on a subset of 99 isolates obtained from turkeys during fowl cholera outbreaks from a single company which revealed that multiple strains of\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    were circulating during the outbreak, instead of a single, highly virulent clone. This study further demonstrates the extensive genomic diversity of\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    , provides epidemiological context to the various genotyping schemes that have traditionally been used for differentiating isolates, and introduces additional tools for\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    molecular typing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T13:32:49Z","timestamp":1617715969000},"page":"e0249138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Genomic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0501-4693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette Munoz","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Flores","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Nezworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Studniski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Wileman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249138.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00442.x","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida pathogenesis: 125 years after Pasteur","volume":"265","author":"M Harper","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS microbiology letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249138.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-13","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida: from zoonosis to cellular microbiology","volume":"26","author":"BA Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical microbiology reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0249138.ref003","first-page":"603","article-title":"Septic shock from Pasturella multocida following a cat bite: case report and review of literature","volume":"75","author":"AC Adler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Connecticut medicine"},{"key":"pone.0249138.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.09.007","article-title":"Acute infection of a total knee arthroplasty caused by Pasteurella multocida: a case report and a comprehensive review of the literature in the last 10 years","volume":"14","author":"J Heydemann","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0249138.ref005","first-page":"625","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida osteomyelitis following dog bites","volume":"135","author":"WR Jarvis","year":"1981","journal-title":"American Journal of Diseases of Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249138.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198405000-00001","article-title":"Pasteurella multocida infections. 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