{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T22:38:51Z","timestamp":1770676731425,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GVC holdings"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Systematic mapping of evaluations of tools and interventions that are intended to mitigate risks for gambling harm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Scoping Review and z-curve analysis (which estimates the average replicability of a body of literature).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We searched 7 databases. We also examined reference lists of included studies, as well as papers that cited included studies. Included studies described a quantitative empirical assessment of a game-based (i.e., intrinsic to a specific gambling product) structural feature, user-directed tool, or regulatory initiative to promote responsible gambling. At least two research assistants independently performed screening and extracted study characteristics (e.g., study design and sample size). One author extracted statistics for the z-curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>86 studies met inclusion criteria. No tools or interventions had unambiguous evidence of efficacy, but some show promise, such as within-session breaks in play. Pre-registration of research hypotheses, methods, and analytic plans was absent until 2019, reflecting a recent embracement of open science practices. Published studies also inconsistently reported effect sizes and power analyses. The results of z-curve provide some evidence of publication bias, and suggest that the replicability of the responsible product design literature is uncertain but could be low.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Greater transparency and precision are paramount to improving the evidence base for responsible product design to mitigate gambling-related harm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T20:59:34Z","timestamp":1618952374000},"page":"e0249926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Responsible product design to mitigate excessive gambling: A scoping review and z-curve analysis of replicability"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-1686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William H. B.","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Edson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9754-9790","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric R.","family":"Louderback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"LaRaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debi A.","family":"LaPlante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9876-x","article-title":"Internet-Based Structural Characteristics of Sports Betting and Problem Gambling Severity: Is There a Relationship?","volume":"17","author":"H Lopez-Gonzalez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30467-4","article-title":"Holst RJ van, Livingstone C. Hooked on gambling: a problem of human or machine design?","volume":"5","author":"M Y\u00fccel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3028-5","article-title":"Structural Characteristics of Video Lotteries: Effects of a Stopping Device on Illusion of Control and Gambling Persistence","volume":"21","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.41","article-title":"Prevalence of gambling-related harm provides evidence for the prevention paradox","volume":"7","author":"M Browne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0249926.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0","article-title":"Responsible Gambling: General Principles and Minimal Requirements","volume":"27","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9472-3","article-title":"Jackpot expiry: An experimental investigation of a new EGM player-protection feature","volume":"31","author":"MJ Rockloff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref008","author":"A Thomas","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13172","article-title":"Gambling and gambling policy in Norway\u2014an exceptional case","volume":"111","author":"I Rossow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6916.2007.00029.x","article-title":"Psychological Treatments That Cause Harm","volume":"2","author":"SO Lilienfeld","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref011","article-title":"Deposit Limit Prompt in Online Gambling for Reducing Gambling Intensity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","author":"E Ivanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.11.048","article-title":"Effects of prevention and harm reduction interventions on gambling behaviours and gambling related harm: An umbrella review","volume":"90","author":"N McMahon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9624-8","article-title":"A Critical Review of the Harm-Minimisation Tools Available for Electronic Gambling.","volume":"33","author":"A Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9754-y","article-title":"The Use of Protective Behavioural Strategies in Gambling: a Systematic Review","volume":"15","author":"AS Drawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2017.1310204","article-title":"Harm reduction in gambling: A systematic review of industry strategies","volume":"25","author":"J Tanner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2016.1245294","article-title":"Responsible gambling: a synthesis of the empirical evidence","volume":"25","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2017.1321740","article-title":"Warning messages for electronic gambling machines: evidence for regulatory policies","volume":"25","author":"MK Ginley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0249926.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0399-z","article-title":"Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015.","volume":"2","author":"CF Camerer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref019","article-title":"Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science","author":"OS Collaboration","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0903-0","article-title":"Replications do not fail","volume":"4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249926.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475","article-title":"Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience.","volume":"14","author":"KS Button","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0249926.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160384","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.160384","article-title":"The natural selection of bad science","volume":"3","author":"PE Smaldino","year":"2016","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref023","article-title":"Estimating Population Mean Power Under Conditions of Heterogeneity and Selection for Significance.","author":"J Brunner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meta-Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0249926.ref024","first-page":"815","volume":"23","author":"BA Nosek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oct 1"},{"issue":"6325","key":"pone.0249926.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3618","article-title":"Measurement error and the replication crisis","volume":"355","author":"E Loken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000126","article-title":"Reporting effect sizes in original psychological research: A discussion and tuto","volume":"23","author":"J Pek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/2515245919847202","article-title":"Evaluating Effect Size in Psychological Research: Sense and Nonsense.","volume":"2","author":"DC Funder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0249926.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618815434","article-title":"Comment on Yoon and Vargas (2014): An Implausibly Large Effect From Implausibly Invariant Data.","volume":"30","author":"J Hilgard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"ML McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Medica"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2020.1784881","article-title":"Association between gambling and self-harm: a scoping review","author":"HM Gray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory."},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref031","unstructured":"FBartos. FBartos\/zcurve [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 2]. Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/FBartos\/zcurve"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref032","author":"F Barto\u0161","year":"2020","journal-title":"Z-Curve.2.0: Estimating Replication Rates and Discovery Rates."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249926.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1037\/pspa0000121","article-title":"When both the original study and its failed replication are correct: Feeling observed eliminates the facial-feedback effect.","volume":"114","author":"T Noah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0249926.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797616653102","article-title":"Evaluating psychological research requires more than attention to the N: A comment on Simonsohn\u2019s (2015)\u201cSmall telescopes.\u201d","volume":"27","author":"N Schwarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref035","author":"A Del Re","year":"2012","journal-title":"Package \u2018compute. es"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref036","article-title":"Exploring the effectiveness of an intelligent messages framework for developing warning messages to reduce gambling intensity","volume":"38","author":"T Armstrong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09910-8","article-title":"Encouraging Gamblers to Think Critically Using Generalised Analytical Priming is Ineffective at Reducing Gambling Biases.","volume":"36","author":"T Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9332-y","article-title":"Voluntary limit setting and player choice in most intense online gamblers: An empirical study of gambling behaviour","volume":"29","author":"M Auer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref039","first-page":"339","article-title":"Testing normative and self-appraisal feedback in an online slot-machine pop-up in a real-world setting","volume":"6","author":"MM Auer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref040","first-page":"1406","article-title":"The use of personalized behavioral feedback for online gamblers: an empirical study","volume":"6","author":"MM Auer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref041","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Personalized behavioral feedback for online gamblers: A real world empirical study","volume":"7","author":"MM Auer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106402","article-title":"The use of personalized messages on wagering behavior of Swedish online gamblers: An empirical study.","volume":"110","author":"M Auer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav."},{"issue":"29","key":"pone.0249926.ref043","first-page":"1","article-title":"Is\" pop-up\" messaging in online slot machine gambling effective as a responsible gambling strategy?","author":"M Auer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.106","article-title":"The effect of loss-limit reminders on gambling behavior: A real-world study of Norwegian gamblers","volume":"7","author":"M Auer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref045","first-page":"1","article-title":"An empirical study of the effect of voluntary limit-setting on gamblers\u2019 loyalty using behavioural tracking data","author":"M Auer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.51","article-title":"The effects of a mandatory play break on subsequent gambling among Norwegian video lottery terminal players","volume":"8","author":"M Auer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0202","article-title":"The effects of voluntary deposit limit-setting on long-term online gambling expenditure","volume":"23","author":"M Auer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.08.011","article-title":"Awareness of independence of events and erroneous perceptions while gambling.","volume":"29","author":"K Benhsain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref049","first-page":"51","article-title":"Return-to-Player Percentage in Gaming Machines: Impact of Informative Materials on Player Understanding.","volume":"36","author":"K Beresford","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud. 2020 Mar 1"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9565-7","article-title":"Breaks in Play: Do They Achieve Intended Aims?","volume":"32","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790500303378","article-title":"Structural characteristics of electronic gaming machines and satisfaction of play among recreational and problem gamblers","volume":"5","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9378-5","article-title":"Blue Gum gaming machine: An evaluation of responsible gambling features.","volume":"30","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.008","article-title":"The impact of precommitment on risk-taking while gambling: A preliminary study","volume":"5","author":"D Brevers","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Addict."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-5-27","article-title":"Virtual harm reduction efforts for Internet gambling: effects of deposit limits on actual Internet sports gambling behavior","volume":"5","author":"A Broda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref055","first-page":"1","article-title":"Making EGMs Accountable: Can an Informative and Dynamic Interface Help Players Self-regulate?","author":"CA Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9782-y","article-title":"Effectiveness of At-Risk Gamblers\u2019 Temporary Self-Exclusion from Internet Gambling Sites.","volume":"35","author":"J Caillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9156-6","article-title":"Experimental analysis of the game in pathological gamblers: Effect of the immediacy of the reward in slot machines","volume":"26","author":"M Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249926.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.3200\/JRLP.140.5.434-438","article-title":"Responsible gambling tools: Pop-up messages and pauses on video lottery terminals","volume":"140","author":"M Cloutier","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9395-4","article-title":"Pause for Thought: Response Perseveration and Personality in Gambling","volume":"30","author":"PJ Corr","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790802139983","article-title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Limited Reduction in Electronic Gaming Machine Availability on Perceived Gambling Behaviour and Objective Expenditure.","volume":"8","author":"P Delfabbro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9603-0","article-title":"The Effects of Pop-up Harm Minimisation Messages on Electronic Gaming Machine Gambling Behaviour in New Zealand.","volume":"32","author":"K Palmer du Preez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.20.1.69","article-title":"Use of warning messages to modify gambling beliefs and behavior in a laboratory investigation","volume":"20","author":"K Floyd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref063","first-page":"20","article-title":"Experimental evidence on measures to protect consumers of online gambling services","volume":"3","author":"F Folkvord","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Behav Econ Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref064","first-page":"64","article-title":"Optimal content for warning messages to enhance consumer decision making and reduce problem gambling","volume":"11","author":"SM Gainsbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"KELM Knowl Educ Law Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2014.1000358","article-title":"Determining optimal placement for pop-up messages: evaluation of a live trial of dynamic warning messages for electronic gaming machines","volume":"15","author":"S Gainsbury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-009-9259-4","article-title":"Effects of a video lottery terminal (VLT) banner on gambling: A field study","volume":"9","author":"T Gallagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2009.0062","article-title":"Social responsibility tools in online gambling: A survey of attitudes and behavior among internet gamblers","volume":"12","author":"MD Griffiths","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2011.605968","article-title":"Does a reduction in the overall amount of gambling imply a reduction at all levels of gambling?","volume":"20","author":"MB Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-009-9196-2","article-title":"Limited Cash Flow on Slot Machines: Effects of Prohibition of Note Acceptors on Adolescent Gambling Behaviour","volume":"8","author":"M Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-015-9581-y","article-title":"The interaction of gambling outcome and gambling harm-minimisation strategies for electronic gambling: The efficacy of computer generated self-appraisal messaging","volume":"14","author":"A Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-010-9288-z","article-title":"Internet self-exclusion: Characteristics of self-excluded gamblers and preliminary evidence for its effectiveness","volume":"9","author":"T Hayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.01.015","article-title":"Do you read me? Including personalized behavioral feedback in pop-up messages does not enhance limit adherence among gamblers","volume":"94","author":"SJ Hollingshead","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2018.1555818","article-title":"When should players be taught to gamble responsibly? Timing of educational information upregulates responsible gambling intentions","volume":"27","author":"SJ Hollingshead","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490902786918","article-title":"The Use of Messages in Altering Risky Gambling Behavior in College Students: An Experimental Analogue Study","volume":"18","author":"B Jardin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026202","article-title":"The use of messages in altering risky gambling behavior in experienced gamblers.","volume":"26","author":"BF Jardin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2014.910244","article-title":"Limit your time, gamble responsibly: Setting a time limit (via pop-up message) on an electronic gaming machine reduces time on device","volume":"14","author":"HS Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0249926.ref077","article-title":"The impact of video lottery game speed on gamblers","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues."},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0249926.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2009.23.2","article-title":"Electronic gambling machines: Influence of a clock, a cash display, and a precommitment on gambling time","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref079","first-page":"45","article-title":"Interactive messages on video lottery terminals and persistence in gambling","volume":"15","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gambl Res J Natl Assoc Gambl Stud Aust"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref080","article-title":"When Losing Money and Time Feels Good: The Paradoxical Role of Flow in Gambling.","volume":"41","author":"RV Lavoie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013639729908","article-title":"Manipulations of the features of standard video lottery terminal (VLT) games: Effects in pathological and non-pathological gamblers","volume":"17","author":"P Loba","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud."},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0249926.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224399","article-title":"Self-exclusion among online poker gamblers: effects on expenditure in time and money as compared to matched controls","volume":"16","author":"A Luquiens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0249926.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e022541","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022541","article-title":"Description and assessment of trustability of motives for self-exclusion reported by online poker gamblers in a cohort using account-based gambling data","volume":"8","author":"A Luquiens","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790500303147","article-title":"Gambling-related irrational beliefs in the maintenance and modification of gambling behaviour","volume":"5","author":"RK May","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7191-5","article-title":"The impact of pop-up warning messages of losses on expenditure in a simulated game of online roulette: a pilot study.","volume":"19","author":"P McGivern","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9150-z","article-title":"Impact of Mode of Display and Message Content of Responsible Gambling Signs for Electronic Gaming Machines on Regular Gamblers","volume":"26","author":"S Monaghan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0249926.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2007.20.8","article-title":"Recall of electronic gaming machine signs: A static versus a dynamic mode of presentation.","author":"S Monaghan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gambl Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.105.1.173-187","article-title":"Do warning signs on electronic gaming machines influence irrational cognitions?","volume":"105","author":"S Monaghan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9182-4","article-title":"Using fear appeals in warning labels to promote responsible gambling among VLT players: The key role of depth of information processing","volume":"26","author":"Y Munoz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9319-8","article-title":"Graphic Gambling Warnings: How they Affect Emotions, Cognitive Responses and Attitude Change.","volume":"29","author":"Y Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9106-8","article-title":"Real Limits in the Virtual World: Self-Limiting Behavior of Internet Gamblers.","volume":"24","author":"SE Nelson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0249926.ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14954","article-title":"Equivalent gambling warning labels are perceived differently.","volume":"115","author":"PW Newall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction."},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref093","first-page":"1","article-title":"Percentage and currency framing of house-edge gambling warning labels","author":"PW Newall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref094","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of within-session breaks in play on responsible gambling behaviour during sustained monetary losses","author":"A Parke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0249926.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2016.1186734","article-title":"Dynamic changes in the use of online advice in response to task success or failure","volume":"35","author":"JG Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Inf Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1762-6","article-title":"Alcohol influences the use of decisional support","volume":"208","author":"JG Phillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3200\/GENP.134.3.333-354","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and computer blackjack","volume":"134","author":"JG Phillips","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref098","article-title":"Effects of directional decisional support upon risk taking online.","volume":"4","author":"JG Phillips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ergon Open J."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-5560-8","article-title":"Structural Changes to Electronic Gaming Machines as Effective Harm Minimization Strategies for Non-Problem and Problem Gamblers","volume":"21","author":"L Sharpe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/1445979042000224377","article-title":"Impact of warning and brief intervention messages on knowledge of gambling risk, irrational beliefs and behaviour","volume":"4","author":"TA Steenbergh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029882","article-title":"Pop-up messages, dissociation, and craving: How monetary limit reminders facilitate adherence in a session of slot machine gambling","volume":"27","author":"MJ Stewart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2019.1567806","article-title":"A limit approaching pop-up message reduces gambling expenditures, except among players with a financially focused self-concept","volume":"19","author":"N Tabri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249926.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-013-9440-7","article-title":"A feedback-response pause normalises response perseveration deficits in pathological gamblers","volume":"11","author":"SJ Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09860-1","article-title":"Graphical depiction of statistical information improves gambling-related judgments","volume":"35","author":"AC Walker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.045","article-title":"Building it better: applying human\u2013computer interaction and persuasive system design principles to a monetary limit tool improves responsible gambling","volume":"37","author":"MJ Wohl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.01.025","article-title":"How much have you won or lost? Personalized behavioral feedback about gambling expenditures regulates play","volume":"70","author":"MJ Wohl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9155-7","article-title":"Animation-based education as a gambling prevention tool: Correcting erroneous cognitions and reducing the frequency of exceeding limits among slots players","volume":"26","author":"MJ Wohl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9340-y","article-title":"Facilitating responsible gambling: The relative effectiveness of education-based animation and monetary limit setting pop-up messages among electronic gaming machine players","volume":"29","author":"MJ Wohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0249926.ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-012-9424-z","article-title":"Reducing erroneous cognition and the frequency of exceeding limits among slots players: A short (3-minute) educational animation facilitates responsible gambling.","volume":"11","author":"MJ Wohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2015.1049191","article-title":"Assessing the effectiveness of a responsible gambling behavioural feedback tool for reducing the gambling expenditure of at-risk players","volume":"15","author":"RT Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref111","first-page":"736","volume-title":"Categorical Data Analysis.","author":"A Agresti","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9410-9","article-title":"Personal, social and environmental risk factors of problematic gambling among high school adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","volume":"31","author":"TA Abdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref113","first-page":"62","article-title":"Cognitive distortions and pathological gambling among Chinese youth.","volume":"5","author":"CK-C Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Couns Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023062912062","article-title":"Narrowing of Attention and Dissociation in Pathological Video Lottery Gamblers.","volume":"15","author":"KM Diskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9976-7","article-title":"The \u201cZone\u201d: a Qualitative Exploratory Study of an Altered State of Awareness in Electronic Gaming Machine Problem Gambling","volume":"18","author":"J Oakes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref116","article-title":"Beat the Dealer: a winning strategy for the game of twenty one","volume":"310","author":"EO Thorp","year":"1966","journal-title":"Vintage"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0249926.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109019","article-title":"The N-Pact Factor: Evaluating the Quality of Empirical Journals with Respect to Sample Size and Statistical Power","volume":"9","author":"RC Fraley","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000435","article-title":"An N-pact factor for clinical psychological research","volume":"128","author":"KW Reardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9334-9","article-title":"Are Psychology University Student Gamblers Representative of Non-university Students and General Gamblers? A Comparative Analysis","volume":"30","author":"SM Gainsbury","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5964\/spb.v13i2.25025","article-title":"Is Psychology Still a Science of Behaviour?","volume":"13","author":"D Doli\u0144ski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pone.0249926.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0999152X","article-title":"The weirdest people in the world","volume":"33","author":"J Henrich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0249926.ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617708630","article-title":"Constraints on Generality (COG): A Proposed Addition to All Empirical Papers","volume":"12","author":"DJ Simons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1370723","article-title":"Understanding end-user perspectives to enhance perceived value uptake of harm-minimization tools: considering gambler\u2019s views of a pre-commitment system","volume":"18","author":"SM Gainsbury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09926-0","article-title":"Impaired Awareness of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Review.","volume":"36","author":"P Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud."},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref125","article-title":"Estimating the Reproducibility of Experimental Philosophy.","author":"F Cova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Philos Psychol"},{"issue":"6280","key":"pone.0249926.ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf0918","article-title":"Evaluating replicability of laboratory experiments in economics","volume":"351","author":"CF Camerer","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249926.ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797619831612","article-title":"How Replicable Are Links Between Personality Traits and Consequential Life Outcomes? The Life Outcomes of Personality Replication Project","volume":"30","author":"CJ Soto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9300-6","article-title":"Validity of the Problem Gambling Severity Index Interpretive Categories","volume":"29","author":"SR Currie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1198\/000313001317098149","article-title":"Some Practical Guidelines for Effective Sample Size Determination","volume":"55","author":"RV Lenth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0249926.ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref131","author":"F Anvari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Using Anchor-Based Methods to Determine the Smallest Effect Size of Interest"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9792-9","article-title":"Responsible gambling research and industry funding biases","volume":"35","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"pone.0249926.ref133","first-page":"1","article-title":"Integrating open science practices into recommendations for accepting gambling industry research funding","author":"ER Louderback","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Res Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0249926.ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190806","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.190806","article-title":"An empirical assessment of transparency and reproducibility-related research practices in the social sciences (2014\u20132017).","volume":"7","author":"TE Hardwicke","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0249926.ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611417632","article-title":"False-Positive Psychology: Undisclosed Flexibility in Data Collection and Analysis Allows Presenting Anything as Significant","volume":"22","author":"JP Simmons","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0249926.ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611430953","article-title":"Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling","volume":"23","author":"LK John","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0249926.ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2019.1672769","article-title":"The need for open science practices and well-conducted replications in the field of gambling studies","volume":"19","author":"MJ Wohl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Gambl Stud"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0249926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T21:01:27Z","timestamp":1618952487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0249926"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Simone N.","family":"Rodda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0249926","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]}}}