{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:34:09Z","timestamp":1792449249575,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANR","award":["ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02."]}]},{"name":"Fondation Fondamental"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Inserm","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"APHP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the correlation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and severity of depression in an elderly unipolar Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were enrolled from a longitudinal cohort (FACE-DR) of the French Network of Expert TRD Centres.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our sample included 96 patients (33% of the overall cohort) aged 60 years or above, with a mean age of 67.2 (SD = 5.7). The majority of the patients were female (62.5%). The Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Quick Inventory Depression Scale-Self Report (QIDS-SR) mean scores were high, 28.2 (SD = 7.49) [MADRS score range: 0\u201360; moderate severity\u226520, high severity\u226535] and 16.5 (SD = 4.94) [IDS-SR score range: 0\u201327; moderate severity\u226511, high severity\u226516], respectively. Mean self-esteem scores were 22.47 (SD = 6.26) [range 0\u201330]. In an age- and sex-adjusted model, we found a positive correlation between childhood trauma (CTQ scores) and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (\u03b2 = 0.274; p = 0.07) and QIDS-SR (\u03b2 = 0.302; p = 0.005) scores]. We detected a statistically significant correlation between physical abuse and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (\u03b2 = 0.304; p = 0.03) and QIDS-SR (\u03b2 = 0.362; p = 0.005) scores]. We did not observe any significant correlation between other types of trauma and depressive symptom severity. We showed that self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) mediated the effect of physical abuse (PA) on the intensity of depressive symptoms [MADRS:\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.318, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>BCa C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      . [0.07, 0.62]; QIDS-SR:\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.177, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>BCa C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      . [0.04, 0.37]]. Preacher &amp; Kelly\u2019s Kappa Squared values of 19.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.191) and 16% (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0.16), respectively for the two scales, indicate a moderate effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in a geriatric TRD population documenting an association between childhood trauma (mainly relating to PA) and the intensity of depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  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