{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:55:03Z","timestamp":1768002903749,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disease caused by chronic inflammation of hair follicles. Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and lupus erythematosus can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between AA and heart diseases (HDs) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of subsequent HDs in patients with AA. We reviewed 3770 cases of AA and from 18,850 age, sex, and income level-matched controls from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. In the subgroup analysis, patients who suffered from alopecia totalis, alopecia universalis, and ophiasis were designated as patients with severe AA and patients having the disease for over a year were designated as patients with long-standing AA. As a result, we found that AA was not associated with a higher risk of heart failure, angina pectoris, or myocardial infarction. There was no significant increase in the risk of overall HD associated with AA (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.93\u20131.48; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.177). Neither the severity nor the duration of AA was related to an increased risk of HDs. During the study period, AA patients did not show a significantly higher cumulative incidence of HDs than controls (log-rank <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.157). In conclusion, AA does not increase the risk of HD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T18:35:06Z","timestamp":1620412506000},"page":"e0250216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Alopecia areata is not a risk factor for heart diseases: A 10-year retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5448-2274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heera","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4631-7823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jee Woong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0250216.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.03.036","article-title":"Molecular signatures define alopecia areata subtypes and transcriptional biomarkers","volume":"7","author":"A Jabbari","year":"2016","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0250216.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1038\/jidsymp.2013.22","article-title":"Association between alopecia areata, psoriasis vulgaris, thyroid disease, and metabolic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"RS Ishak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0250216.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.09.025","article-title":"Association between atopic dermatitis and autoimmune disorders in US adults and children: A cross-sectional study","volume":"80","author":"S Narla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0250216.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.08.032","article-title":"Comorbidity profiles among patients with alopecia areata: the importance of onset age, a nationwide population-based study","volume":"65","author":"SY Chu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0250216.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.031","article-title":"History of atopy or autoimmunity increases risk of alopecia areata","volume":"61","author":"N Barahmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0250216.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.12.007","article-title":"Comorbidities in patients with alopecia areata","volume":"76","author":"RZ Conic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"pone.0250216.ref007","article-title":"Is there an association between alopecia areata and systemic lupus erythematosus? 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