{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T19:11:29Z","timestamp":1774897889910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AL-Baha University, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Between March 2014 and February 2017, host-seeking ticks were collected during the late spring and summer months seasonally, and as well as continually through all seasons from several sites in a periurban environment in Pittsburg, Kansas, located in the Central Midwestern United States. All three post-emergent life-stages of <jats:italic>Amblyomma americanum<\/jats:italic>, and the adults of three other ticks viz. <jats:italic>Dermacentor variabilis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>maculatum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> were collected using the flagging method, and were taxonomically identified using morphological and molecular methods. A total of 15946 ticks were collected from these sites. A vast majority of the ticks collected over the three-year study period was <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>americanum<\/jats:italic> (79.01%). The three other species collected included <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>variabilis<\/jats:italic> (13.10%), <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>maculatum<\/jats:italic> (7.15%), and <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic> (0.73%). More female ticks of each species were collected throughout the study period from all sites, and a unimodal activity period was noted for all four species. The diversity, composition, and phenology of these medically significant tick species are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T17:35:35Z","timestamp":1619199335000},"page":"e0250272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Diversity and seasonality of host-seeking ticks in a periurban environment in the Central Midwest (USA)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Hroobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunavanthi D.","family":"Boorgula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfa","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Goodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Savannah","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Staggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-3398","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ram K.","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0250272.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1234","article-title":"Environmental, Climatic, and Residential Neighborhood Determinants of Feline Tularemia","volume":"13","author":"RK Raghavan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0250272.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1496","article-title":"Spatially heterogeneous land cover\/land use and climatic risk factors of tick-borne feline cytauxzoonosis","volume":"14","author":"RK Raghavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0250272.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100850","article-title":"Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis and Geospatial Risk Factors of Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis","volume":"9","author":"RK Raghavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0250272.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150180","article-title":"Hierarchical Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Climatic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever","volume":"11","author":"RK Raghavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0250272.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151924","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151924","article-title":"Bayesian space-time patterns and climatic determinants of bovine anaplasmosis","volume":"11","author":"GA Hanzlicek","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0250272.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1837","article-title":"Maximum Entropy-Based Ecological Niche Model and Bio-Climatic Determinants of Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma americanum) Niche","volume":"16","author":"RK Raghavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0250272.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209082","article-title":"Current and Future Distribution of the Lone Star Tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) 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