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Serum samples were collected and probed with a protein microarray expressing 864\/894 (96.4%) of the open reading frames of the <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic> serovar D genome. The antibody response to the primary infection was analyzed in 72 serum samples from 12 inoculated monkeys. The following criteria were utilized to identify immunodominant antigens: proteins found to be recognized by at least 75% (9\/12) of the infected monkeys with at least 15% elevations in signal intensity from week 0 to week 8 post infection. All infected monkeys developed <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> specific serum antibodies. Eight proteins satisfied the selection criteria for immunodominant antigens: CT242 (OmpH-like protein), CT541 (mip), CT681 (ompA), CT381 (artJ), CT443 (omcB), CT119 (incA), CT486 (fliY), and CT110 (groEL). Of these, three antigens, CT119, CT486 and CT381, were not previously identified as immunodominant antigens using non-human primate sera. Following the secondary infection, the antibody responses to the eight immunodominant antigens were analyzed and found to be quite different in intensity and duration to the primary infection. In conclusion, these eight immunodominant antigens can now be tested for their ability to identify individuals with a primary <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trachomatis<\/jats:italic> genital infection and to design vaccine strategies to protect against a primary infection with this pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T19:33:11Z","timestamp":1619119991000},"page":"e0250317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A primary Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection of rhesus macaques identifies new immunodominant B-cell antigens"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Arlo","family":"Randall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice F.","family":"Tarantal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6183-7053","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luis M.","family":"de la Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0250317.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","article-title":"Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting","volume":"10","author":"L Newman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0250317.ref002","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2018","author":"CDC","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0250317.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw178","article-title":"Proportion of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Cases Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: Consistent Picture From Different Methods","volume":"214","author":"MJ Price","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"pone.0250317.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S134","DOI":"10.1086\/652395","article-title":"Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women","volume":"201","author":"CL Haggerty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0250317.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.18.2229","article-title":"Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States","volume":"291","author":"WC Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"pone.0250317.ref006","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases","author":"W Stamm","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0250317.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199207000-00001","article-title":"Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. 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