{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:37:46Z","timestamp":1787927866271,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Logistics Department","award":["CWS20J007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CWS20J007"]}]},{"name":"Logistics Department","award":["20BJZ09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20BJZ09"]}]},{"name":"Training Department","award":["201944816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201944816"]}]},{"name":"Logistics Department","award":["2019QNP014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QNP014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Many reviews and meta-analyses had been conducted to investigate risk factors for sleep disorders in the general population. However, no similar research has been performed in the military population though insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing are quite prevalent in that population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate risk factors for insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in military personnel.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A systematic literature search was performed from inception to March 2021 and 6496 records were produced. Two authors independently screened records for eligibility. Results were presented as odds ratios, and a random-effect model was used to pool results. Data analysis was performed respectively according to military personnel type (i.e., veteran, active-duty personnel). Risk factors were sorted into three categories: sociodemographic, army-specific, and comorbidity. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO before data analysis (registration No: CRD42020221696).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-seven articles were finally included in the quantitative analysis. For sleep-disordered breathing in active-duty personnel, four sociodemographic (i.e., overweight\/obesity, higher body mass index, male gender, &gt;35 years old) and one comorbidity (i.e., depression) risk factors were identified. For insomnia in active-duty personnel, four sociodemographic (i.e., aging, alcohol dependence, white race, and female gender), two army-specific (i.e., deployment experience, combat experience), and four comorbidity (i.e., depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and anxiety) risk factors were identified. For insomnia in veterans, one army-specific (i.e., combat experience) and one comorbidity (i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder) risk factor was identified.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Several risk factors were identified for insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in the current meta-analysis. Risk factors for veterans and active-duty personnel were partially different. Research on sleep breathing disorders remains limited, and more convincing evidence would be obtained with more relevant studies in the future.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1620324189000},"page":"e0250779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The risk factors for insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in military communities: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yujia","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzhou","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruike","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0250779.ref001","first-page":"36","volume-title":"Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical","author":"DM Jones","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0250779.ref002","first-page":"482","article-title":"Heat-Related Illnesses","volume":"99","author":"R Gauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0250779.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52563-1","article-title":"Chronic Exposure to High Altitude: Synaptic, Astroglial and Memory Changes","volume":"9","author":"R Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0250779.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1073794","article-title":"Operational assessment of the 5-h on\/10-h off watchstanding schedule on a US Navy ship: sleep patterns, mood and psychomotor vigilance performance of crewmembers in the nuclear reactor department","volume":"59","author":"NL Shattuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"pone.0250779.ref005","unstructured":"Carskadon MA. 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