{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:02:12Z","timestamp":1788447732350,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Japan Agency for Medical Research and development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is still widely prescribed for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women, despite its renal and bone toxicity. Although TDF-exposed infants often show transient growth impairment, it is not clear whether maternal TDF causes infantile rickets via maternal\/fetal renal dysfunction in Asian populations. This prospective observational study was conducted in Vietnam and involved pregnant HIV-infected women treated with TDF-based regimen (TDF group) or zidovudine-based regimen (AZT-group). At birth, 3, 12, and 18 months of age, and included body length, weight, head circumference, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, urine-\u03b22-microglobulin (U-BMG), percentage of tubular reabsorption of phosphate (%TRP), and radiographic wrist score for rickets. Age-adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis evaluated the association of TDF\/AZT use during pregnancy with fetal renal function and bone health. The study included 63 mother-infant pairs (TDF group = 53, AZT group = 10). In the mothers, detectable U-BMG (&gt;252 \u03bcg\/L) was observed more frequently in the TDF- than AZT group (89 vs 50%, p&lt;0.001), but other renal\/bone parameters were similar. In infants, maternal TDF use was not associated with growth impairment, renal dysfunction, or abnormal bone findings, but with a slightly higher ALP levels (p = 0.019). However, shorter length was associated with maternal AZT (p = 0.021), and worse radiographic scores were associated with LPV\/r (p = 0.024). In Vietnamese population, TDF usage during pregnancy was not associated with infant transient rickets, growth impairment, or renal dysfunction, despite mild maternal tubular impairment. Maternal AZT and LPV\/r influenced infant growth and bone health, though further studies are needed to confirm this finding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T20:08:18Z","timestamp":1619726898000},"page":"e0250828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of maternal use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or zidovudine in Vietnamese pregnant women with HIV on infant growth, renal function, and bone health"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5415-0854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ei","family":"Kinai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoai Dung Thi","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Quan","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeko","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Tanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinh Van","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thach Ngoc","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0250828.ref001","volume-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach","author":"WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0250828.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1086\/655681","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV-infected patients","volume":"51","author":"RD Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9987","key":"pone.0250828.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60616-X","article-title":"Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, coformulated with elvitegravir, cobicistat, and emtricitabine, for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: Two randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trials","volume":"385","author":"PE Sax","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0250828.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0202","article-title":"Progressive renal tubular dysfunction associated with long-term use of tenofovir DF","volume":"25","author":"E Kinai","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0250828.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832c96e9","article-title":"Renal function with use of a tenofovir-containing initial antiretroviral regimen","volume":"23","author":"JE Gallant","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0250828.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir188","article-title":"Bone mineral density and fractures in antiretroviral-naive persons randomized to receive abacavir-lamivudine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine along with efavirenz or atazanavir-ritonavir: Aids Clinical Trials Group A5224s, a substudy of ACTG A5202","volume":"203","author":"GA McComsey","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9393","key":"pone.0250828.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14636-3","volume":"362","author":"B Wharton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rickets. 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