{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:08:13Z","timestamp":1790489293027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K08AR069112-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K08AR069112-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Literature suggests a possible higher incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is, however, no consensus on this purported risk nor a well-defined mechanism. This study investigates how collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a validated animal model of RA, impacts infectious burden in a well-established model of PJI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Control mice were compared against CIA mice. Whole blood samples were collected to quantify systemic IgG levels via ELISA.\n                      <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      respiratory burst function was measured via dihydrorhodamine assay.\n                      <jats:italic>Ex vivo Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Xen36 burden was measured directly via colony forming unit (CFU) counts and crystal violet assay to assess biofilm formation.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , surgical placement of a titanium implant through the knee joint and inoculation with\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Xen36 was performed. Bacterial burden was then quantified by longitudinal bioluminescent imaging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mice with CIA demonstrated significantly higher levels of systemic IgG compared with control mice (p = 0.003).\n                      <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , there was no significant difference in respiratory burst function (p = 0.89) or\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacterial burden as measured by CFU counts (p = 0.91) and crystal violet assay (p = 0.96).\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , no significant difference in bacterial bioluminescence between groups was found at all postoperative time points. CFU counts of both the implant and the peri-implant tissue were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.82 and 0.80, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study demonstrated no significant difference in\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infectious burden between mice with CIA and control mice. These results suggest that untreated, active RA may not represent a significant intrinsic risk factor for PJI, however further mechanistic translational and clinical studies are warranted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T14:49:15Z","timestamp":1629125355000},"page":"e0250910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Active rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model is not an independent risk factor for periprosthetic joint 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