{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:57:48Z","timestamp":1783785468222,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20wm0125001 and JP 21wm0125009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20wm0125001 and JP 21wm0125009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic, including Indonesia. However, there are only limited data regarding the precise prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Here, to estimate the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Java, Indonesia, we investigated the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. We enrolled 1,819 individuals from June to December 2020 and observed that the subjects\u2019 overall prevalence of IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 was 11.4% (207\/1,819). The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies differed significantly between the job\/occupation groups (P = 0.0001). A greater prevalence of IgG was detected in laboratory technicians (who take samples from suspected cases and deal with polymerase chain reaction [PCR] procedures, 22.2%) compared to medical personnel who see and take direct care of patients with COVID-19 (e.g., physicians and nurses, 6.0%), other staff in medical facilities (2.9%), general population (12.1%) and non-COVID-19 patients (14.6%). The highest prevalence among age groups was in the 40\u201349-year-olds (14.8%), and the lowest prevalence was in the 20\u201329-year-olds (7.4%). However, the younger population still showed a higher prevalence than generally reported, suggesting greater exposure to the virus but less susceptibility to the disease. A geographical difference was also observed: a higher prevalence in Surabaya (13.1%) than in Jombang (9.9%). In conclusion, the COVID-19 outbreak among asymptomatic populations was characterized by a high prevalence of infection in East Java, Indonesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T17:48:13Z","timestamp":1620323293000},"page":"e0251234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Seroepidemiological study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in East Java, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4452-5250","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ni Luh Ayu","family":"Megasari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6539-5064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takako","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Navika","family":"Yamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Juniastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3666-3714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily","family":"Gunawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Inge","family":"Lusida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0251234.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. 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Anand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0251234.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.011","article-title":"Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review","volume":"101","author":"CC Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0251234.ref019","unstructured":"Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI), Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia (PERKI), Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI), Perhimpunan Dokter Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif Indonesia (PERDATIN), Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI). Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19 Edisi 3. 2020 December [cited 2021 March 1]. Available from: https:\/\/www.papdi.or.id\/pdfs\/983\/Buku%20Pedoman%20Tatalaksana%20COVID-19%205OP%20Edisi%203%202020.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0251234.ref020","author":"BPS Provinsi Jawa Timur (Statistics Jawa Timur)","year":"2021","journal-title":"Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Angka 2021"},{"key":"pone.0251234.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2020.108","article-title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in an asymptomatic population in Sergipe, Brazil","volume":"44","author":"LP Borges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0251234.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s15006-020-0750-y","article-title":"Die Pr\u00e4valenz von SARS-CoV-2-IgG-AK liegt bei 1,2%: Screening bei asymptomatischen ambulanten Patienten [The prevalence rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG is 1.2%\u2014Screening in asymptomatic outpatients in Germany (Northrhine-Westfalia)]","volume":"162","author":"BL Herrmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMW Fortschr Med."},{"key":"pone.0251234.ref023","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in a population from Veracruz (Southeastern Mexico)","author":"JM Remes-Troche","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0251234.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000180","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000180","article-title":"Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020","volume":"25","author":"K Mizumoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0251234.ref025","first-page":"14","article-title":"Seroprevalence of COVID-19 Amongst Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital of a Metropolitan City from India","volume":"68","author":"M Goenka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians 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