{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:14:48Z","timestamp":1747196088281,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Standardized instruments are often used to monitor one\u2019s progress in tinnitus relief although they were developed to screen and diagnose tinnitus. The need for the development for a tinnitus outcome assessment tool is high in the field of audiology and otolaryngology. The purpose of this study was to develop a tinnitus outcome questionnaire for sound management (listening to sound stimuli for tinnitus relief) and assess its content validity. A total of 32 questions with six domains (Tinnitus characteristics, the impact of tinnitus, tinnitus and hearing issues, handedness, tinnitus management, and sound management outcome) were generated after closely investigating major tinnitus questionnaires used worldwide (i.e. Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire) as well as literature. Ten healthcare professionals evaluated the appropriateness of the questionnaire items on a five-point Likert scale, where 1 is strongly inappropriate and 5 is strongly appropriate. Content relevance was assessed by computing the content validity index with the cut-off value of 0.75. Each response was first weighted as follows: 1 = 0; 2 = 0.25; 3 = 0.5; 4 = 0.75; and 5 = 1.0. The weighted average was then calculated. Items with a content validity index less than 0.75 were discarded and some items were revised according to the experts\u2019 feedback. As a result, 31 out of the 32 items had the content validity index higher than 0.75, indicating that the items are appropriate to obtain information about the six domains. Reflecting the experts\u2019 feedback, some questions were revised to be more specific. The study provides a baseline structure regarding potential questions to be included in a tinnitus outcome questionnaire for sound management. Development and standardization of such questionnaire would be a pathway to validating tinnitus relief via sound therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T18:34:37Z","timestamp":1620326077000},"page":"e0251244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Content validity of the tinnitus outcome questionnaire for sound management"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7040-1884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hye Yoon","family":"Seol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ga-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mini","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soojin","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Sang","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung Hwa","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3613-0734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Il Joon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0251244.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9","article-title":"Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception","volume":"8","author":"PJ Jastreboff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref002","first-page":"532","article-title":"Tinnitus: questions to reveal the cause, answers to provide relief.","volume":"53","author":"RL Folmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013395","article-title":"Tinnitus","volume":"347","author":"AH Lockwood","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4081\/audiores.2019.231","article-title":"Analysis of the audiological characteristics and comorbidity in patients with chronic tinnitus","volume":"9","author":"S Pavaci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Audiol Res."},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000573","article-title":"Tinnitus, Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide in Recent Veterans: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"39","author":"E Martz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001832","article-title":"Epidemiology of Clinically Significant Tinnitus: A 10-Year Trend From Nationwide Health Claims Data in South Korea","volume":"39","author":"HM Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.1700","article-title":"Prevalence, Severity, Exposures, and Treatment Patterns of Tinnitus in the United States","volume":"142","author":"JM Bhatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref008","first-page":"491","article-title":"Approach to tinnitus management","volume":"64","author":"V Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref009","first-page":"182","article-title":"Development of a Korean-Type Qualitative Case History Tinnitus Questionnaire","volume":"61","author":"S-J Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref010","first-page":"328","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a Korean adaptation of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory","volume":"45","author":"JH Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"pone.0251244.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-10-128","article-title":"group TRIds. 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