{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:02Z","timestamp":1788347942374,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The risk of sepsis through bacterial transmission is one of the most serious problems in platelet transfusion. In processing platelet concentrates (PCs), several methods have been put into practice to minimize the risk of bacterial transmission, such as stringent monitoring by cultivation assays and inactivation treatment by photoirradiation with or without chemical agents. As another potential option, we applied a light-emitting diode (LED) with a peak emission wavelength of 265 nm, which has been shown to be effective for water, to disinfect PCs. In a bench-scale UV-LED exposure setup, a 10-min irradiation, corresponding to an average fluence of 9.2 mJ\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, resulted in &gt;2.0 log, 1.0 log, and 0.6 log inactivation (mean, n = 6) of<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>, respectively, in non-diluted plasma PCs. After a 30-min exposure, platelet counts decreased slightly (18 \u00b1 7%: mean \u00b1 SD, n = 7); however, platelet surface expressions of CD42b, CD61, CD62P, and PAC-1 binding did not change significantly (P&gt;0.005), and agonist-induced aggregation and adhesion\/aggregation under flow conditions were well maintained. Our findings indicated that the 265 nm UV-LED has high potential as a novel disinfection method to ensure the microbial safety of platelet transfusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T18:04:13Z","timestamp":1621533853000},"page":"e0251650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["UV light-emitting diode (UV-LED) at 265 nm as a potential light source for disinfecting human platelet concentrates"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1776-0052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomoya","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Oguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rika A.","family":"Furuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsunobu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikako","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Shinbata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Takihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0251650.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.638","article-title":"Transfusion guidelines: when to transfuse","volume":"1","author":"ZM Szczepiorkowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref002","article-title":"Quality of evidence-based guidelines for platelet transfusion and use: A systematic review","author":"AZ Al-Riyami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000608","article-title":"Platelet transfusion for patients with platelet dysfunction: effectiveness, mechanisms, and unanswered questions","volume":"27","author":"RH Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02243.x","article-title":"Frequency of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates before and after introduction of diversion method in Japan","volume":"49","author":"M Satake","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2020.08.003","article-title":"Cold-Stored Platelets: Review of Studies in Humans","volume":"34","author":"JP Mack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2018.12.011","article-title":"Physiology of cold-stored platelets","volume":"58","author":"TM Getz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2018.12.012","article-title":"Cold-stored platelets: A product with function optimized for hemorrhage control","volume":"58","author":"KM Reddoch-Cardenas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12036","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of blood products","volume":"8","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"VOXS"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15733","article-title":"Platelet safety strategies in Japan: impact of short shelf life on the incidence of septic reactions","volume":"60","author":"M Satake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref010","article-title":"The incremental benefit of anaerobic culture for controlling bacterial risk in platelets: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"J Corean","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1159\/000357651","article-title":"Diagnostic Methods for Platelet Bacteria Screening: Current Status and Developments","volume":"41","author":"M St\u00f6rmer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2008.01051.x","article-title":"Screening platelet concentrates for bacterial contamination: low numbers of bacteria and slow growth in contaminated units mandate an alternative approach to product safety","volume":"95","author":"WG Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2009.10.009","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of platelets","volume":"42","author":"EL Palavecino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14085","article-title":"Bacterial screening of platelet components by National Health Service Blood and Transplant, an effective risk reduction measure","volume":"57","author":"C McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref015","unstructured":"FDA GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: Bacterial Risk Control Strategies for Blood Collection Establishments and Transfusion Services to Enhance the Safety and Availability of Platelets for Transfusion: Guidance for Industry. [cited 2021 Jan 20]. Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/bacterial-risk-control-strategies-blood-collection-establishments-and-transfusion-services-enhance"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref016","first-page":"433","article-title":"Pathogen reduction of blood components during outbreaks of infectious diseases in the European Union: an expert opinion from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control consultation meeting","volume":"17","author":"D Domanovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37497265344.x","article-title":"Photochemical inactivation of viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates by use of a novel psoralen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light","volume":"37","author":"L Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15119","article-title":"Bacterial inactivation of platelet concentrates with the THERAFLEX UV\u2010Platelets pathogen inactivation system","volume":"59","author":"U Gravemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2212-9","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of platelets for transfusion: strategies for prevention","volume":"22","author":"JH Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2018.06.002","article-title":"Biomolecular consequences of platelet pathogen inactivation methods","volume":"33","author":"HB Feys","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-151043","article-title":"UV-C irradiation disrupts platelet surface disulfide bonds and activates the platelet integrin \u03b1IIb\u03b23","volume":"112","author":"R Verhaar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.003","article-title":"Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: A review","volume":"94","author":"K Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny194","article-title":"Inactivation of feline calicivirus using ultraviolet light-emitting diodes","volume":"365","author":"K Oguma","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.047","article-title":"Inactivation kinetics and efficiencies of UV-LEDs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Legionella pneumophila, and surrogate microorganisms","volume":"130","author":"S Rattanakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4236\/abc.2012.24043","article-title":"Characterization of serum complement activity in serum of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis)","volume":"2","author":"M Merchant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14812","article-title":"Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli involved in transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections: implications for preventive strategies","volume":"58","author":"M Desroches","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2011.05.017","article-title":"Determination of the quantum yields of the potassium ferrioxalate and potassium iodide\u2013iodate actinometers and a method for the calibration of radiometer detectors","volume":"222","author":"RJ Bolton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:3(209)","article-title":"Standardization of methods for fluence (UV dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments","volume":"129","author":"RJ Bolton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Environ Eng"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12859","article-title":"A more efficient preparation system for HLA-eliminated platelets","volume":"115","author":"T Hayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1159\/000441830","article-title":"In vitro Quality of Platelets with Low Plasma Carryover Treated with Ultraviolet C Light for Pathogen Inactivation","volume":"43","author":"L Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02334.x","article-title":"A novel approach to pathogen reduction in platelet concentrates using short\u2010wave ultraviolet light","volume":"49","author":"H Mohr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000323845","article-title":"UVC Irradiation for Pathogen Reduction of Platelet Concentrates and Plasma","volume":"38","author":"A Seltsam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transfus Med Hemother"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13685","article-title":"Reduction of bacteria and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 infectivity of platelet suspension in plasma using xenon flash-pulse light in a bench-scale trial","volume":"56","author":"H Abe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13984","article-title":"Pulsed xenon flash treatment inactivates bacteria in apheresis platelet concentrates while preserving in vitro quality and functionality","volume":"57","author":"H Abe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15757","article-title":"Flow path system of ultraviolet C irradiation from xenon flash to reduce bacteria survival in platelet products containing a platelet additive solution","volume":"60","author":"H Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01524.x","article-title":"Potential and limitation of UVC irradiation for the inactivation of pathogens in platelet concentrates","volume":"48","author":"F Terpstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12231","article-title":"Riboflavin and amotosalen photochemical treatments of platelet concentrates reduce thrombus formation kinetics in vitro","volume":"108","author":"B Van Aelst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13137","article-title":"Ultraviolet C light pathogen inactivation treatment of platelet concentrates preserves integrin activation but affects thrombus formation kinetics on collagen in vitro","volume":"55","author":"B Van Aelst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14042","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of platelets in additive solution treated with two commercial pathogen-reduction technologies","volume":"57","author":"P Rebulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12403","article-title":"Update on the use of pathogen\u2010reduced human plasma and platelet concentrates","volume":"162","author":"A Seltsam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2012.01.008","article-title":"Characteristics of the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets pathogen inactivation system\u2014an update","volume":"46","author":"J Seghatchian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13512","article-title":"Will pathogen reduction of blood components harm more people than it helps in developed countries?","volume":"56","author":"JR Hess","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11060601","article-title":"Nanostructured Light-Emitters","volume":"11","author":"HPT Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3390\/mi11020125","article-title":"AlGaN Nanowires for Ultraviolet Light-Emitting: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Prospects","volume":"11","author":"S Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Micromachines (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0359-9","article-title":"The emergence and prospects of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode technologies","volume":"13","author":"M Kneissl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"pone.0251650.ref046","article-title":"Wavelength-dependent time-dose reciprocity and stress mechanism for UV-LED disinfection of Escherichia coli","volume":"26","author":"D Pousty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T23:56:08Z","timestamp":1699055768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251650"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0251650","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]}}}