{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:06:43Z","timestamp":1790777203407,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011880","name":"Acad\u00e9mie de recherche et d'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PIC-OlivierMichel 2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIC-OlivierMichel 2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brugmann Fundation","award":["Grant 2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Like other helminths, hookworms (HW) induce a regulatory immune response able to modulate and dampen reactivity of the host to antigens. No data about the evolution of the immune response after treatment are available. We aim to phenotype the regulatory immune response during natural HW infection and its evolution after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty hookworm infected (HW+) and 14 non-infected subjects HW\u2013from endemic area in the periphery of Ho Chi Minh City were included. Blood and feces samples were obtained before, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment with Albendazole 400mg. Additional samples were obtained at 3 and 12 months in the HW+ group. Hematological parameters, Treg (CD4+CD25<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>FoxP3<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>) and surface molecules (CD39, CD62L, ICOS, PD-1, CD45RA) were measured as well as inflammatory and lymphocytes differentiation cytokines such as IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IFN\u03b3, IL-4, IL-17, IL-10, IL-2 and TGF\u03b2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HW+ subjects showed higher Treg, TregICOS+, Treg PD1-, TregCD62L+ and CD45RA+FoxP3<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>resting Treg (rTreg). CD45RA-FoxP3<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>non-suppressive Treg cells were also increased. No preferential Th1\/Th2 orientation was observed, nor difference for IL-10 between two groups. After treatment, Treg, TregICOS+, TregCD62L+, Treg PD1- and rTreg decreased while IL-4 and IL-6 cytokines increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>During HW infection, Treg are increased and characterized by a heterogeneous population: a highly suppressive as well as a non-suppressive T cells phenotype. After treatment, Treg with immune-suppressive phenotype exhibited a decrease parallel to an inflammatory Th2 response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T23:57:45Z","timestamp":1623369465000},"page":"e0252921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hookworm treatment induces a decrease of suppressive regulatory T cell associated with a Th2 inflammatory response"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6083-2931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Virginie","family":"Doyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoa","family":"Nhu Thi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh","family":"Le Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Truyens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Nagant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiep","family":"Tran Thi Mong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Francois","family":"Fils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phuong","family":"Thi Ngoc Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0252921.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16088","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.88","article-title":"Hookworm infection.","volume":"2","author":"A Loukas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0252921.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12088","article-title":"Immunology of experimental and natural human hookworm infection","volume":"36","author":"S Gaze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0252921.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02449.x","article-title":"Cellular responses and cytokine production in post-treatment hookworm patients from an endemic area in Brazil","volume":"136","author":"SM Geiger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0252921.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2007.00950.x","article-title":"Stage-specific immune responses in human Necator americanus infection","volume":"29","author":"SM Geiger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0252921.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001383","article-title":"Induction of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells during human hookworm infection modulates antigen-mediated lymphocyte proliferation","volume":"5","author":"ND Ricci","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"362","key":"pone.0252921.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362ra143","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf8807","article-title":"Hookworm recombinant protein promotes regulatory T cell responses that suppress experimental asthma","volume":"8","author":"S Navarro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0252921.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1178","article-title":"Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self","volume":"6","author":"S. Sakaguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0252921.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.03.019","article-title":"Functional delineation and differentiation dynamics of human CD4+ T cells expressing the FoxP3 transcription factor","volume":"30","author":"M Miyara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0252921.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis235","article-title":"Early and long-lasting alteration of effector CD45RA(-)Foxp3(high) regulatory T-cell homeostasis during HIV infection.","volume":"205","author":"F Simonetta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0252921.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062512","article-title":"Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression","volume":"204","author":"S Deaglio","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2016.04.009","article-title":"Regulation of the T cell response by CD39","volume":"37","author":"MC Takenaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.09.004","article-title":"CD62L(high) Treg cells with superior immunosuppressive properties accumulate within the CNS during remissions of EAE","volume":"25","author":"C Lange","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04418.x","article-title":"High frequencies of CD62L+ naive regulatory T cells in allografts are associated with a low risk of acute graft\u2010versus\u2010host disease following unmanipulated allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"165","author":"SY Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0252921.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-2044","article-title":"Only the CD62L+ subpopulation of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells protects from lethal acute GVHD","volume":"105","author":"J Ermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6143.2003.00293.x","article-title":"CD4+ CD25+ CD62+ T-regulatory cell subset has optimal suppressive and proliferative potential","volume":"4","author":"S Fu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0252921.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103581","article-title":"ICOS mediates the generation and function of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells conveying respiratory tolerance","volume":"189","author":"M Busse","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02104","article-title":"ICOS+ Tregs: A Functional Subset of Tregs in Immune Diseases","volume":"11","author":"DY Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0252921.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.05.022","article-title":"Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is a marker for highly suppressive antigen-specific T cells sharing features of TH17\/TH1 and regulatory T cells","volume":"126","author":"M Vocanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0252921.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.5.765","article-title":"Expression of the PD-1 antigen on the surface of stimulated mouse T and B lymphocytes","volume":"8","author":"Y Agata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1257","article-title":"Blockade of programmed death-1 ligands on dendritic cells enhances T cell activation and cytokine production","volume":"170","author":"JA Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0252921.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.2.287","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells suppress polyclonal T cell activation in vitro by inhibiting interleukin 2 production","volume":"188","author":"AM Thornton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0252921.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.017","article-title":"Regulatory T cell-derived interleukin-10 limits inflammation at environmental interfaces","volume":"28","author":"YP Rubtsov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0252921.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.3008","article-title":"CD25+ CD4+ T cells regulate the expansion of peripheral CD4 T cells through the production of IL-10","volume":"166","author":"O Annacker","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref024","volume-title":"Guidelines for the evaluation of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis at community level: a guide for managers of control programmes.","author":"A Montresor","year":"1998"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref025","volume-title":"Springer Series in Statistics","author":"G Verbeke","year":"2000"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref026","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006153","article-title":"Geographical distribution of soil transmitted helminths and the effects of community type in South Asia and South East Asia\u2014A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"ZA Silver","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0252921.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.4.471","article-title":"Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths and Molecular Clarification of Hookworm Species in Ethnic Ede Primary Schoolchildren in Dak Lak Province, Southern Vietnam","volume":"54","author":"BK Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0252921.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.013","article-title":"The effectiveness of 4 monthly albendazole treatment in the reduction of soil-transmitted helminth infections in women of reproductive age in Viet Nam","volume":"39","author":"S Mihrshahi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref030","first-page":"i","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis","volume":"912","author":"WHO Expert Committee","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0252921.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004193","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004193","article-title":"Influence of Schistosoma mansoni and Hookworm Infection. Intensities on Anaemia in Ugandan Villages.","volume":"9","author":"GF Chami","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003486","article-title":"Risk profiling of hookworm infection and intensity in southern Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic using Bayesian models.","volume":"9","author":"A Forrer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0252921.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1992.tb00034.x","article-title":"Isotypic variation in antibody responses in a community in Papua New Guinea to larval and adult antigens during infection, and following reinfection, with the hookworm Necator americanus","volume":"14","author":"DI Pritchard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1780-2","article-title":"Seroprevalence of fascioliasis, toxocariasis, strongyloidiasis and cysticercosis in blood samples diagnosed in Medic Medical Center Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2012","volume":"9","author":"T Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572089","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/572089","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxocara canis infection in children","volume":"2013","author":"C Romero N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0252921.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0222382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222382","article-title":"Levels of serum eosinophil cationic protein are associated with hookworm infection and intensity in endemic communities in Ghana.","volume":"14","author":"B Amoani","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-9088.1000127","article-title":"Eosinophil Count in Strongyloides, Hookworm, Liver Fluke or Taenia spp. Infestation","volume":"1","author":"S Insiripong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.050","article-title":"The role of eosinophils in host defense against helminth parasites","volume":"113","author":"AD Klion","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0252921.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.05.012","article-title":"Age-related changes in hookworm infection, anaemia and iron deficiency in an area of high Necator americanus hookworm transmission in south-eastern Brazil","volume":"101","author":"S Brooker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-387827-4.00003-6","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in infection","volume":"112","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.007","article-title":"Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites","volume":"138","author":"RM Maizels","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0252921.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1040215","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2015.1040215","article-title":"Blockade of TNF-\u03b1 signaling benefits cancer therapy by suppressing effector regulatory T cell expansion","volume":"4","author":"LY Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0252921.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181f9960d","article-title":"The generation of donor-specific CD4+CD25++CD45RA+ naive regulatory T cells in operationally tolerant patients after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation","volume":"90","author":"H Nafady-Hego","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.12.671","article-title":"CD45RA+ Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) in the Graft is Inversely Related to Donor Age and Impacts Early Alloreactivity and Survival in Younger Patients Undergoing Haploidentical PBSC Transplantation with Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide (PTCy)","volume":"24","author":"S Jaiswal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref045","first-page":"e0006327","article-title":"CD39 and immune regulation in a chronic helminth infection: The puzzling case of Mansonella ozzardi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis","volume":"12","author":"NF Lima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mar 5"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242794","article-title":"ICOS controls Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell expansion, maintenance and IL-10 production during helminth infection","volume":"43","author":"SA Redpath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0252921.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007525","article-title":"Inducible costimulator expression regulates the magnitude of Th2-mediated airway inflammation by regulating the number of Th2 cells.","volume":"4","author":"BS Clay","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0252921.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324417","article-title":"ICOS-mediated signaling regulates cytokine production by human T cells and provides a unique signal to selectively control the clonal expansion of Th2 helper cells","volume":"34","author":"PL Vieira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0252921.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.5.2808","article-title":"Regulated compartmentalization of programmed cell death-1 discriminates CD4+CD25+ resting regulatory T cells from activated T cells","volume":"176","author":"G Raimondi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0252921.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12088","article-title":"Immunology of experimental and natural human hookworm infection","volume":"36","author":"S Gaze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0252921.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1995.tb00897.x","article-title":"Immunoepidemiology of human necatoriasis: correlations between antibody responses and parasite burdens","volume":"17","author":"RJ Quinnell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512154","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/512154","article-title":"Excretory-secretory products from hookworm l(3) and adult worms suppress proinflammatory cytokines in infected individuals","volume":"2011","author":"SM Geiger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0252921.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu549","article-title":"Phenotype alterations in regulatory T-cell subsets in primary HIV infection and identification of Tr1-like cells as the main interleukin 10-producing CD4+ T cells","volume":"211","author":"MF Chevalier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0252921.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21547","article-title":"Influence of IL-6, IL-33, and TNF-\u03b1 on human mast cell activation: Lessons from single cell analysis by flow cytometry","volume":"94","author":"N Cop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02718","article-title":"Non-redundant Functions of IL-6 Produced by Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation","volume":"9","author":"EO Gubernatorova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0252921.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-16-0193","article-title":"Regulatory T Cells: Differentiation and Function","volume":"4","author":"G Plitas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"pone.0252921.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13797","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13797","article-title":"Experimental hookworm infection and escalating gluten challenges are associated with increased microbial richness in celiac subjects.","volume":"5","author":"P Giacomin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12274","article-title":"Interactions between the intestinal microbiome and helminth parasites","volume":"38","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1283385","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1283385","article-title":"Helminths and intestinal barrier function.","volume":"5","author":"DM McKay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0252921.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444452","article-title":"Highly heterogeneous, activated, and short-lived regulatory T cells during chronic filarial infection.","volume":"44","author":"S Metenou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0252921.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03346.x","article-title":"Reduced helminth burden increases allergen skin sensitization but not clinical allergy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Vietnam","volume":"40","author":"C Flohr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0252921","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,4]],"date-time":"2023-11-04T19:38:15Z","timestamp":1699126695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0252921"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Raffi V.","family":"Aroian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0252921","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]}}}