{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:50:50Z","timestamp":1791651050743,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56 HL151636-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 HL151636-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Postpartum visits are an important opportunity to address ongoing maternal health. Experiences of discrimination in healthcare can impact healthcare use, including postpartum visits. However, it is unknown whether discrimination is associated with postpartum visit content. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and postpartum visit attendance and content.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Research design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data were from Listening to Mothers in California, a population-based survey of people with a singleton hospital birth in California in 2016. Adjusted logistic regression models estimated the association between perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and 1) postpartum visit attendance, and 2) topics addressed at the postpartum visit (birth control, depression and breastfeeding) for those who attended.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>90.6% of women attended a postpartum visit, and 8.6% reported discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization. In adjusted models, any discrimination and insurance-based discrimination were associated with 7 and 10 percentage point (pp) lower predicted probabilities of attending a postpartum visit, respectively. There was a 7pp lower predicted probability of discussing birth control for women who had experienced discrimination (81% vs. 88%), a 15pp lower predicted probability of being asked about depression (64% vs. 79%), and a 9 pp lower predicted probability of being asked about breastfeeding (57% vs. 66%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Amid heightened attention to the importance of postpartum care, there is a need to better understand determinants of postpartum care quality. Our findings highlight the potential consequences of healthcare discrimination in the perinatal period, including lower quality of postpartum care.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T17:25:55Z","timestamp":1624469155000},"page":"e0253055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Perceived discrimination during the childbirth hospitalization and postpartum visit attendance and content: Evidence from the Listening to Mothers in California survey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9294-0718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura B.","family":"Attanasio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-3282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Ranchoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley H.","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0253055.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final Data for 2018","volume":"68","author":"JA Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001487","article-title":"Optimizing Postpartum Care. Committee Opinion No. 666","volume":"127","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002633","article-title":"ACOG Committee Opinion No. 736: Optimizing Postpartum Care","volume":"131","author":"Presidential Task Force of Redefining the Postpartum Visit, Committee on Obstetric Practice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-02716-x","article-title":"Characteristics of women without a postpartum checkup among PRAMS participants, 2009\u20132011","volume":"23","author":"V Danilack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref005","unstructured":"Declercq E, Sakala C, Corry M, Applebaum S, Herrlich A. Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and Childbirth. New York, NY; 2013."},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.6137","article-title":"Correlates of Postpartum Visits Among Medicaid Recipients: An Analysis Using Claims Data from a Managed Care Organization","volume":"27","author":"SW Masho","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2184-9","article-title":"Predictors of Non-Attendance to the Postpartum Follow-up Visit","volume":"20","author":"A Wilcox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.02.040","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum care and contraception in California\u2019s Medicaid program","volume":"217","author":"H Thiel de Bocanegra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2428-y","article-title":"Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, experiences and health behaviors associated with postpartum care utilization: Evidence from Maryland PRAMS dataset, 2012\u20132013","volume":"22","author":"I Morgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.23.1.17","article-title":"Major Survey Findings of Listening to MothersSM III: New Mothers Speak Out","volume":"23","author":"ER Declercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Perinat Educ"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530769","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/530769","article-title":"Use of postpartum care: predictors and barriers","volume":"2014","author":"JN DiBari","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-006-0128-5","article-title":"Predictors of compliance with the postpartum visit among women living in healthy start project areas","volume":"10","author":"AS Bryant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2044-7","article-title":"Understanding Factors Associated with Postpartum Visit Attendance and Contraception Choices: Listening to Low-Income Postpartum Women and Health Care Providers","volume":"20","author":"V Henderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Racism and health service utilisation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"J Ben","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0063","article-title":"The Association between Perceived Discrimination and Underutilization of Needed Medical and Mental Health Care in a Multi-Ethnic Community Sample","volume":"19","author":"J Diana","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13225","article-title":"Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Asian Americans","volume":"54","author":"CL McMurtry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13216","article-title":"Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Latinos","volume":"54","author":"MG Findling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Perceived Discrimination in Health Care and Mental Health\/Substance Abuse Treatment Among Blacks, Latinos, and Whites","volume":"00","author":"VM Mays","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000773","article-title":"Health Care Engagement and Follow-up After Perceived Discrimination in Maternity Care","volume":"55","author":"L Attanasio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.08.059","article-title":"Where is the \u201cW\u201doman in MCH?","volume":"199","author":"H Atrash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3549(04)50052-3","article-title":"Assessing the role and effectiveness of prenatal care: history, challenges, and directions for future research","volume":"116","author":"GR Alexander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-0966-2","article-title":"Effects of prenatal care on child health at age 5","volume":"17","author":"K Noonan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0723-3","article-title":"Screening tests during prenatal care: Does practice follow the evidence?","volume":"16","author":"J Siddique","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2017.10.014","article-title":"More Than a \u201cNumber\u201d: Perspectives of Prenatal Care Quality from Mothers of Color and Providers","volume":"28","author":"SL Coley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Heal Issues"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref025","article-title":"Content of First Prenatal Visits","author":"J Dyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-29","article-title":"Women\u2019s and care providers\u2019 perspectives of quality prenatal care: a qualitative descriptive study","volume":"12","author":"W Sword","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref027","article-title":"Association of insurance status with provision of recommended services during comprehensive postpartum visits","author":"K Geissler","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318215d93c","article-title":"Impact of perceived discrimination in healthcare on patient-provider communication","volume":"49","author":"LR Hausmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref029","first-page":"1","article-title":"Associations Between Perceived Race-based Discrimination and Contraceptive Use among Women Veterans in the ECUUN Study","volume":"55","author":"S MacDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2986-7","article-title":"Perceived Discrimination, Patient Trust, and Adherence to Medical Recommendations Among Persons with Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"29","author":"C Haywood","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-0057-4","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and adherence to medical care in a racially integrated community","volume":"22","author":"SS Casagrande","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304563","article-title":"The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS): Overview of design and methodology","volume":"108","author":"HB Shulman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref033","unstructured":"Public Use Data File Documentation: 2017\u20132019 National Survey of Family Growth User\u2019s Guide. Hyattsville, MD; 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nsfg\/NSFG-2017-2019-UG-MainText-508.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref034","unstructured":"Listening to Mothers in California Survey Methodology. 2018. Available: https:\/\/www.chcf.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/ListeningMothersCASurveyMethodology2018.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13027","article-title":"Intrapartum Care and Experiences of Women with Midwives Versus Obstetricians in the Listening to Mothers in California Survey","volume":"65","author":"ER Declercq","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Midwifery Women\u2019s Heal"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03137-x","article-title":"Maternal perceptions of the experience of attempted labor induction and medically elective inductions: analysis of survey results from listening to mothers in California","volume":"20","author":"E Declercq","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03095-4","article-title":"Factors Associated with Unplanned Primary Cesarean Birth: Secondary Analysis of the Listening to Mothers in California Survey","volume":"20","author":"C Sakala","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0235262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235262","article-title":"Women\u2019s experience of agency and respect in maternity care by type of insurance in California","volume":"15","author":"E Declercq","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref039","unstructured":"Smedley BD, Stith AY, Alan R. Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, D.C; 2003."},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13220","article-title":"Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of black Americans","volume":"54","author":"SN Bleich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref041","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Reports of Insurance-Based Discrimination in Health Care and Its Association With Access to Care","author":"X Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref042","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond race: Impacts of non-racial perceived discrimination on health access and outcomes in New York City","volume":"15","author":"PK De","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215976","article-title":"Perceived discrimination in medical settings and perceived quality of care: A population-based study in Chicago","volume":"14","author":"MR Benjamins","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0253055.ref044","first-page":"1","article-title":"Competing demands in postpartum care: a national survey of U.S. providers \u2018 priorities and practice","volume":"2","author":"T Krishnamurti","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T17:26:50Z","timestamp":1624469210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253055"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Frank T.","family":"Spradley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0253055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]}}}