{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:28:09Z","timestamp":1792286889820,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French government\u2019s Investissement d\u2019Avenir programme, Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence \u2018Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases\u2019","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}]},{"name":"French Embassy in Burkina Faso"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Gastrointestinal infections are a global public health problem. In Burkina Faso, West Africa, exposure to <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> through the consumption of unhygienic street food represents a major risk of infection requiring detailed evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between June 2017 and July 2018, we sampled 201 street food stalls, in 11 geographic sectors of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. We checked for <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> contamination in 201 sandwiches (one per seller), according to the ISO 6579:2002 standard. All <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing was performed on a subset of isolates, to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and antimicrobial resistance determinants.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> was 17.9% (36\/201) and the <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates belonged to 16 different serotypes, the most frequent being Kentucky, Derby and Tennessee, with five isolates each. Six <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> isolates from serotypes Brancaster and Kentucky were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that four of these MDR isolates belonged to the emergent <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> serotype Kentucky clone ST198-X1 and to an invasive lineage of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>enterica<\/jats:italic> serotype Enteritidis (West African clade).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study reveals a high prevalence of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. in sandwiches sold in Ouagadougou. The presence of MDR <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> in food on sale detected in this study is also matter of concern.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]],"date-time":"2021-06-17T17:30:52Z","timestamp":1623951052000},"page":"e0253312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Contamination of street food with multidrug-resistant Salmonella, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marguerite E. M.","family":"Nikiema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3273-6392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Pardos de la Gandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiswensida A. 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